The principle of submarine floating, how does the submarine surface and dive?

The underwater maneuvering of submarines is actually quite complicated. In fact, the drainage and water injection we often say can only ensure sinking and floating, and cannot guarantee that the submarine is maintained at a certain depth, so the submarine must be assisted by the cooperation of the horizontal tail rudder and the head rudder or the hull rudder to a certain depth, that is, with the help of a certain speed to produce a certain lift, with the displacement to float and stabilize at a depth.

It's not water absorption. Instead, the submarine's power-driven compressor is used to quickly pump water into the water tank and dive quickly. When ascending, the reverse operation is carried out, and the water is quickly discharged by blowing compressed air into the water tank.

Therefore, in addition to the severe limitation of electricity and oxygen, the underwater mobility of conventionally powered submarines is also an important limitation of compressed air.

Starting from the front cabinet, the water is drained first, and the head is upturned when the front and back are unbalanced, and the water is flushed up while draining.

If it is a submarine model, it is more difficult to get it, and it is almost impossible to rely on thrusters alone. At that time, I used a syringe and a rubber band to tie it and push the water out. It's slower, but that's all there is to the primitive.

Blow the water out with compressed air that is more pressure than the water pressure. Entry-level questions, I knew it when I was in elementary school.

Put a syringe in the "submarine", the outlet of the syringe leads to the outside of the submarine, and tie the piston with a rubber band to slowly drain the water inside.

The principle of sinking and floating of submarines.

The water in the main ballast water tanks is discharged with compressed air, the weight is reduced, the reserve buoyancy is restored, that is, it rises from under the water.

The boat is equipped with a special buoyancy adjustment tank, which is used to inject or discharge an appropriate amount of water to adjust the change in the underwater buoyancy of the submarine caused by the consumption of materials and ammunition and the change of sea water density.

The bow and stern are also equipped with trim balance water tanks, which can eliminate the strim that the submarine may have underwater by adjusting the water volume of the bow and stern balance water tanks. A pair of horizontal elevators are provided at the bow (or at the enclosure of the command room) and the stern to maneuver the submarine to change and maintain the desired diving depth. The stern is equipped with a propeller.

and rudders, to ensure that the submarine sails and changes course.

If the bow rudders are mostly large nuclear submarines on the bridge (command room), there are also a few conventional submarine bow rudders with this layout.

The submarine supporting equipment is diverse, the technical requirements are high, and there are not many countries in the world that can develop and produce submarines on their own.

Submarines have poor self-defense capabilities and lack effective means of air observation and air defense**; Underwater communication is difficult, and it is not easy to achieve two-way, timely and long-distance communication. The detection equipment has a close range of action, limited observation range, and is easily affected by the environment, making it difficult to grasp the enemy's situation. Conventional power submarines have low underwater speed, extremely limited endurance when sailing at high underwater speed, and must be in a snorkel navigation state when charging, which is easy to expose.

Submarine hull structure.

Modern submarines are usually cigar-shaped, a design compared to the earliest turtles.

The "egg shape" of the number has changed a lot, and such a shell is also often referred to as a "drop-shaped shell". After a long period of development, submarine designers found that the teardrop-shaped shell is the shape of the shell with the least underwater resistance found so far, but it has to be said that this shape is less able to resist waves when floating on the surface.

Second world war.

At the end of the period, the German submarine development technology and thinking were greatly changed, they began to pay attention to underwater speed, and for the first time built a submarine that was faster than the water - the XXI class, and then built the XXIII class.

These two types of submarines not only used a near-teardrop shell, but for the first time removed the deck guns on the submarine deck, and the bridge section was also "near-streamlined", so that the submarine was not only faster, but also quieter than the Allied submarines of the time, and more effective underwater.

Modern submarines usually have acoustic tiles on the outside of the teardrop-shaped shell, which is actually a material that reduces the sound radiation of the boat and absorbs external sound waves, making the submarine quieter.

The protruding part of the bridge enclosure in the upper part of the submarine made it possible to grow the periscope.

and the length of use of the radio antenna. In general, there are usually radio equipment, radar, electronic warfare inside the bridge enclosure.

equipment, snorkels and other equipment.

The above content refers to Encyclopedia - Submarine.

The principle of sinking and floating of submarines.

SubmarinesThe principle of being able to float freely isArchimedes' Law, i.e., the law of buoyancy. Change the density of the submarine itself, when there is no water in the pressure chamber, the density of the submarine is less than the density of water, and the submarine floats until it floats; When water is discharged into the pressure chamber, the density of the submarine is greater than the density of the water, and the submarine sinks. When an object that enters a stationary gas or liquid is buoyant and fills the empty ballast tank, the submarine becomes heavier, and the weight of the submarine will be greater than the weight of the water it distributes, and the submarine will gradually dive.

Otherwise, the submarine will surface.

Features of buoyancy:Archimedes' law states that an object immersed in a stationary fluid is subjected to a buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid dislodged by the object, in a direction straight upwards and through the centroid of the dislodged fluid.

When the weight of an object is greater than the buoyant force, it will sink under its branches; When it is less than buoyancy, it will float; When equal to buoyancy, it hovers in the liquid, and the two forces are equal in magnitude, but in opposite directions (gravity is vertically slowing down, buoyancy is vertically upward).

SubmarinesThe working principle is to use the fact that when the density of the object is greater than that of water, the gravitational force will be greater than the buoyancy, and the object will sink; When the density of the object is less than the density of the water, the buoyancy will be greater than the gravitational force, and the object will float; When the density of the object is the same as that of the water, then the object is suspended in the water.

In this principle, a plurality of water storage tanks are designed inside it to regulate the ascent and dive by cracking fire, and to maintain the balance of the submarine, it is also by adjusting the water in different water storage tanks.

of how much to achieve balance. Fish in the water also use this method, and the fish use the fish bubbles in their bodies.

Float and dive by inflating and deflating inside.

The ascent and dive of the submarine depends on the "reserve buoyancy" of the submarine, i.e., the tank formed between the solid shell and the shell of the submarine, (Archimedes' law is applied.

An object immersed in a liquid (or gas) is subjected to an upward buoyant force equal to the gravitational force of the liquid dislodged by the object. The formula can be recorded as f float = g row = liquid? g?

Drain the liquid. Generally, conventional submarines are equipped with 8 water tanks: No. 1, No. 2, No. 3 water tanks, front water tanks, No. 4, No. 5, No. 5 are intermediate water tanks, No. 6, No. 7, and No. 8 are rear water tanks; 4. Under the No. 5 water tank, there are fast diving cabinets and buoyancy adjustment cabinets, (other water tanks in the bow and stern are also equipped with fuel tanks, and there are fresh water tanks, torpedo replenishment cabinets, annular gap water tanks, lubricating oil tanks, dirt collection cabinets, etc.).

No. 1-8 water tank is equipped with a sea water injection (no valve, normally open), and there is a ventilation valve and a wreck baffle above the water tank. When sailing, the ventilation valve is closed and put into hydraulic operation, and the wreck baffle is opened. (Prepare for a speed dive).

When the vent valve and wreck baffle are closed, the tank is filled with air, at which point the submarine is in a surface navigation state.

When the ventilation valve and wreck baffle are opened (hydraulically operated), the air in the tank is instantly discharged, the submarine loses its ready buoyancy, and dives underwater in an instant (within 15 seconds).

Ladies and gentlemen: the air in the submarine tank is discharged to the sky, not inside the boat, and it cannot be **.

There are 22 high-pressure gas cylinders in the upper part of the submarine, and there are air compressors inside that inflate the high-pressure gas cylinders when navigating on the surface.

Generally, the submarine dives and closes the ventilation valve, and only applies high-pressure gas drainage to the middle tank when floating, the submarine is in a state of relocation at this time, and the bridge is all surfaced, and the submarine starts the diesel engine at this time and uses the water of the exhaust gas elimination tank to be all floated by the submarine (the purpose of this move is to save high-pressure gas and energy).

There is a submersible floating control station in the middle command compartment of the submarine, and the submarine sergeant major is responsible for the drainage of each water tank, the captain gives orders, and the chief of mechanical and electrical recalls the instructions, and how the submarine floats and how to drain the water all depend on the command of the captain.

A: When the water tank is filled with water, the original air in the tank is returned to the cabin through the ventilation tube above the water tank for use in the boat. It must not be discharged overboard, and vice versa, and the gas must not be blown out of the boat when blowing into the fast dive chamber after the dive.

At this time, it is considered that the bubble leakage is easy to be detected by the enemy.

Answer: Since I didn't think the previous answer was on the point, after careful consideration, I felt that the focus of the problem should not be air, but high-pressure gas, and the original question should mean "How much high-pressure gas is in the boat for floating and diving?" Here's an explanation:

Under normal circumstances, the high-pressure gas of the submarine should be used as sparingly as possible underwater, and it is usually replenished by floating to the snorkel state or the surface state without waiting for all to be used up. The replenishment process is the process of filling the high-pressure gas cylinder with an air compressor. This is the only way to do this for conventional submarines.

Because conventionally powered submarines are such a thing, they can't do without the surface of the water.

Since it is possible to replenish high-pressure gas in the snorkel state, and it is not necessary to float up to the snorkel state, the problem of high-pressure gas on the submarine is actually very easy to solve, and it is not as complicated as we think.

If it is a submarine that can often rise to the surface, then it is even less of a problem, and it is enough to replenish it to the surface.

This is the normal way it looks, but there are things that don't happen.

For example, if the high-pressure gas is out underwater, but the submarine can still sail underwater, but it can't float up to replenish the gas (the enemy submarine hunting submarine on the surface is looking for you), then no one can do anything. At this time, not only can't blow the water tank, but also can't do a lot of things. Then just wait.

Wait until the enemy is gone, and then float up.

If you can float (there is no hostile situation) but there is no high-pressure gas, the submarine also has a way, that is, to reduce the weight while steering, such as abandoning the "disposable keel" (some boats have some but some do not), using a pump to discharge the water in the water tank, and some boats can also produce gas in the ballast water tank to discharge the water from the main ballast water tank.

If it is out of breath and can not float and inflat, then sit on the bottom of the sea and wait, at this time it is no problem for personnel to breathe, but there is no high-pressure gas, then you have to wait for the submarine lifeboat to and from the boat to replenish the high-pressure gas (the air compressors on this type of ship are high-power), then it will be troublesome (because there is also a sea condition factor). It can be seen that air and high-pressure gas on submarines should indeed be said separately.

Finally, it should be noted that the water in the main ballast water tank on the submarine is not only used to remove the high-pressure gas of the emergency blowing system, but also the low-pressure blowing system, and the gas source of the low-pressure blowing system is the exhaust gas of the diesel engine or other low-pressure gas measures, but this blowing is limited, that is, it can only be carried out in the state of the ventilation pipe, and the pressure is low, and the blowing time is longer, but this is a last resort.

Conclusion: The submarine that often floats and dives must be replenished with high-pressure gas after each surface, so it will not affect the use, and the submarine that does not often float and dive, such as nuclear submarines, when underwater, high-pressure gas is only to do some routine operations that require a small amount of gas, and the reserve of high-pressure gas can fully support the use of several months, but each time it floats, it is still necessary to replenish the gas source.

All submarines have two large water tanks on both sides of the hull, one on the left and one on the right, and the sinking and floating of the submarine is achieved by controlling the water volume of these two water tanks, and when the submarine completely excludes the water in the tank, the submarine will float to the surface. When the tank is fully filled, the submarine reaches its maximum depth. The water in the tank is entered and discharged by the submarine's compressed air.

When the compressed air is pumped into the tank, the water in the tank is discharged, and when the air is withdrawn, the water flows into the tank.

In order to accelerate the speed of the submarine's ascent or diving, the submarine will turn on the compressed air engine at the same time, and will also turn on full horsepower, through the bow or the elevator on the bridge to make the submarine enter the water or float at a certain pitch angle.

The submarine controls the weight of the submarine by adjusting the amount of water in the ballast water tank, so as to realize the static sinking and floating of the submarine and the transformation of the underwater and surface navigation state.

When the submarine enters the submersible state, it relies on the rudder surface to control the navigation attitude to dive and float, if it needs to float, let the bow be a little higher, dive to let the bow be lower, and rely on the power of the propeller to change the diving depth.

There are two large tanks on both sides of the submarine, and when the submarine floats on the surface, the tanks are empty or have little water. When the submarine wants to dive, increase gravity by filling water into the tank, when the gravity of the submarine is greater than the buoyancy, the submarine begins to dive, the diving speed of the submarine is related to the gravity of the submarine + water tank, when the dive is about to a predetermined depth, the submarine discharges the water out of the tank through the water pump, so that the gravity is equal to the buoyancy, and the submarine stops diving. Otherwise, it can be floated.

Submarines are equipped with ballast water tanks, as long as the empty ballast water tanks are filled with water, the submarine becomes heavier, and the submarine gradually dives.

When the submarine floats normally, the water in the ballast water tank is squeezed out step by step with high-pressure air, so that it is filled with air and floats.