What is the background to the development of accounting standards for small businesses?

Background to the development of the Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises.

1. The lag and inadaptability of the "Accounting System for Small Enterprises" are the driving forces for the reform of the accounting system for small enterprises.

2. The introduction of the "Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises" is a requirement to implement the spirit of promoting the development of small enterprises.

3. The formulation of the "Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises" is the need to deepen the reform of the financial management system of small enterprises and realize scientific and refined management.

4. The promotion of the reform of international accounting standards for small and medium-sized enterprises.

5. The need to achieve orderly convergence with the domestic "Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises".

The Small Business Accounting Standards system consists of two parts: Small Business Accounting Standards and Application Guidelines. The Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises mainly regulate the accounting treatment principles of transactions or events that usually occur in small enterprises, and provide specific and unified standards for small enterprises to deal with accounting practice issues. The application guide mainly stipulates the setting of accounting subjects, the main accounting treatment, the types, formats and preparation instructions of financial statements, and provides operational specifications for small enterprises to implement the accounting standards for small enterprises. The two complement each other and complement each other, and together constitute a relatively complete system of accounting standards for small enterprises.

At present, TravelSky Software's "Tax-Friendly ERP" series of products can fully support the provisions of the "Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises", and the system has preset the accounting subject system applicable to small enterprises, and preset three major statements: balance sheet, income statement and cash flow statement in accordance with the report columns, formats and calculation formulas required by the accounting standards of small enterprises. It can help small businesses learn and master it as early as possible.

The formulation of the "Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises" is to serve the needs of the healthy development of small enterprises.

Small enterprises are an important force in China's national economic and social development. Promoting the development of small enterprises is an important foundation for maintaining the steady and rapid development of the national economy, and is a major strategic task related to people's livelihood and social stability.

Therefore, the formulation of accounting standards for small enterprises is conducive to consolidating the economic and social foundation and maintaining social stability; It is conducive to the implementation of national laws and policies on supporting the development of small enterprises; It is conducive to the improvement of tax collection and management of small enterprises and the fairness of the tax burden of small enterprises; It is conducive to the financing management of small enterprises and the prevention of credit risks of small enterprises.

It is conducive to improving and strengthening the internal management of small enterprises and promoting the sound and rapid development of small enterprises. It is conducive to standardizing the order of the market economy and improving the level of economic management.

First, the names of the subjects of the "Accounting System for Small Enterprises" and the "Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises" were different from those in the past, the second was that they were basically synchronized with taxation, and the third was that they should be in line with the state, which was the most important thing.

That's what I thought.

**There are small business accounting standards, there are a total of 38 accounting standards for business enterprises, if there is, you send it to me.

There is an accounting system for small and medium-sized enterprises, and it is in line with the basic principles of accounting that the appropriate formulation of accounting systems with different degrees of complexity for enterprises of different sizes is also in line with the general idea of "grasping the big and letting go of the small" and speeding up the development of small and medium-sized enterprises in the reform of state-owned enterprises in China. On the one hand, it adapts to the weak strength of accounting personnel in the majority of small and medium-sized enterprises. Accounting information users have relatively low requirements for accounting information, and at the same time, people can put forward higher requirements for the disclosure of accounting information of listed companies and large enterprises.

The Small Business Accounting Standard is a new accounting standard for small businesses that has been approved by the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China for implementation.

Because at the level of the country, small businesses account for it.

The implementation of accounting standards for small enterprises can provide a standard for small enterprises to account, and can provide a standard platform for banks and taxation to evaluate the financial status of enterprises.

It is conducive to the decent financing of funds for enterprises, the provision of standardized financial accounting treatment system for small enterprises to the tax department, the standardized taxation of the state taxation department and the enjoyment of national tax policies by small enterprises.

It is conducive to balanced competition between enterprises. It is conducive to avoiding high tax burdens. Originally, the state stipulated that enterprises that could not provide accounting information in accordance with accounting standards could not apply to the tax department for tax reduction or exemption, nor could they apply for loans from banks.

It is not eligible for tax incentives from the state. At the same time, the implementation of the original accounting standards by small enterprises also increases the cost of implementing the standards.

Therefore, the state should issue new accounting standards for small businesses. At the same time, it is also converging with the world's small business accounting standards.

2013 Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises and Accounting System for Small Enterprises The big differences are reflected in:

No provision for impairment of assets is made.

It is basically the same as the tax law, and there are basically no temporary differences.

Some accounting methods have been simplified, such as the abolition of the equity method for external long-term equity investments.

Added content of biological assets, etc.

The format of the income statement has undergone a significant change. Of course, there are some other differences, such as the addition of rotating materials, all taxes (excluding VAT) are included in business tax and surcharges, etc.

The difference between the Small Business Accounting Standard and the Small Business Accounting System.

The Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises came into force on January 1, 2013, and the Accounting System for Small Enterprises issued in 2004 was repealed at the same time. The following will focus on the relevant contents of the Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises.

What is the Small Business Accounting Standard?

On October 18, 2011, the Ministry of Finance of the People's Republic of China issued the Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises by Cai Hui 2011 No. 17, which came into force on January 1, 2013.

The Accounting Standards for Small Business are divided into 10 chapters and 90 articles, as follows:

Chapter I: General Provisions, Articles 1 - 4.

Chapter II: Assets, Articles 5 – 44.

Chapter 3: Liabilities, Articles 45-52.

Chapter 4: Owners' Equity, Articles 53-57.

Chapter V: Income, Articles 58-64.

Chapter VI: Fees, Articles 65-66.

Chapter 7: Profits and Distribution of Profits, Articles 67-72.

Chapter VIII: Foreign Currency Business, Articles 73-78.

Chapter IX: Financial Statements, Articles 79-88.

Chapter 10: Supplementary Provisions, Articles 89-90.

Background to the issuance of the Small Business Accounting Standards.

The concept of small business is relative to that of large enterprise, which refers to an enterprise that is small in scale or in the stage of entrepreneurship and growth, including legal person enterprises and natural person enterprises whose scale is below the prescribed standard.

The issuance of the "Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises" is mainly to promote the development of small enterprises and the increasingly rich and perfect fiscal and taxation policies, and to form a fiscal and taxation policy system to promote the development of small and medium-sized enterprises with fee reduction, financial support, and public services as the main content.

The significance of implementing the Small Business Accounting Standard.

The promulgation of the "Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises" has made a major change to the content of the "Accounting System for Small Enterprises", and the "Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises" have been borrowed from the "Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises" in the way of formulation, and the accounting methods have the characteristics of small enterprises themselves. In particular, in the area of tax regulation, the harmonization of accounting standards and tax laws has been greatly simplified. Compared with the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises, the Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises have made more specific improvements in the influencing factors of profits and taxes.

There are two courses in Elementary Accounting, namely "Elementary Accounting Practice" and "Fundamentals of Economic Law". Accounting primary implementation of paperless examination, test questions, answer requirements and answer interface on the computer display screen, candidates should use the computer mouse and keyboard on the computer answer interface to answer questions.

The exams for Elementary Accounting Practice and Fundamentals of Economic Law are 180 minutes long. The duration of the examination for "Fundamentals of Economic Law" is 75 minutes, and the duration of the examination for "Elementary Accounting Practice" is 105 minutes. The two subjects are taken consecutively, and the time cannot be mixed.

The question types of the two subjects are multiple-choice questions, multiple-choice questions, true/false questions, and open-ended multiple-choice questions, all of which are objective questions.

There are two subjects in the primary accounting exam, and the two subjects are "Elementary Accounting Practice" and "Fundamentals of Economic Law". Both subjects are subject to a 100-point system, and candidates can obtain the Junior Accounting Certificate with a score of 60 or above in both subjects. The primary accounting examination is generally held once a year, and candidates who only pass one subject in an examination year will not be retained to the next year, and they will not be able to obtain a certificate, and they need to re-register for the examination in the next year.

The question types of the two subjects are objective, including: multiple-choice, multiple-choice, true/false and open-ended multiple-choice questions. Accounting Elementary adopts the paperless computer-based test method, and candidates can answer the questions on the computer through the mouse and keyboard.

The primary certificate of accounting related to the subsidy of primary skills in accounting belongs to the certificate of accounting title, and the accounting title is divided into the primary title of accounting, intermediate title of accounting, and senior title of accounting. For those who pass the national accounting professional and technical primary qualification examination, the "Accounting Professional and Technical Qualification Certificate" printed by the Ministry of Personnel and printed by the Ministry of Personnel and the Ministry of Finance will be issued, which is valid nationwide.

Those who meet the application conditions can log in to the "National Accounting Qualification Evaluation Network" within the specified time**.

Register for the Accounting Preliminary Examination. The primary accounting examination is held once a year in principle, and is held once a year in principle. The examination method adopts the closed-book paperless examination form, that is, the computer-based examination method.

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The Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises issued by the Ministry of Finance have largely changed the content of the Accounting System for Small Enterprises and simplified the accounting requirements. So which businesses are the Small Business Accounting Standards suitable for?

Scope of application of Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises.

According to Article 2 of the General Provisions of the Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises:

This Code is applicable to enterprises established in accordance with the law within the territory of the People's Republic of China and meet the standards for small enterprises stipulated in the Provisions on the Classification Standards for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises.

The following three categories of small businesses are excluded:

a) ** or bonds publicly traded on the market for small businesses.

2) Financial institutions or other small enterprises of a financial nature.

3) Parent companies and subsidiaries within an enterprise group.

The definitions of enterprise groups, parent companies and subsidiaries in the preceding paragraph are the same as those of the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises.

Implement other provisions of the Small Business Accounting Standards.

1. Enterprises that implement the "Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises" can refer to the relevant provisions of the "Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises" if the transactions or events that occur are not regulated by this standard.

2. Small enterprises that implement the "Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises" shall not implement the relevant provisions of this standard while implementing the "Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises".

3. If a small enterprise that fails to implement the "Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises" publicly issues ** or bonds, it shall be transferred to the implementation of the "Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises"; If it does not comply with the provisions of Article 2 of this standard due to the change in the scale of operation or the nature of the enterprise, it shall be converted to implement the "Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises" from January 1 of the following year.

4. Listed companies, large and medium-sized enterprises and small enterprises that have already implemented the "Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises" shall not be converted to the "Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises".

Features of the Small Business Accounting Standards.

1. Implement the "Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises" and simplify the accounting requirements.

1) In terms of accounting measurement, small enterprises are required to adopt historical cost measurement;

2) In the financial report, the statement of changes in owners' equity is not required.

2. Meet the needs of tax collection and management information, which is conducive to the combination of credit provided by banks.

The main users of external financial reporting information for small businesses are tax authorities and banks, and the basic principles of accounting can be determined on the basis of the information needs of both of them, and the content of professional judgment will be reduced, which can eliminate most of the differences between small business accounting and tax laws.

3. The "Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises" and the "Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises" have a reasonable division of labor to form an orderly connection.

The main differences between the Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises and the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises are that the scope of application is different, the setting of accounts is different, the accounting treatment is different, and the filling principles and statement items of financial statements are also different.

1.The system of accounting standards for business enterprises is composed of basic accounting standards, specific accounting standards, application guides, interpretation of standards, and opinions of the expert working group on implementation issues. In 2006, 38 standards were introduced, 5 standards were revised on July 1, 2014, and 3 new standards were added

Evolution of Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises.

2.The Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises came into effect on January 1, 2013 and are applicable to enterprises established in accordance with the law within the territory of the People's Republic of China that meet the standards for small enterprises as stipulated in the Provisions on the Classification Standards for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (issued by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in 2011 No. 300).

There are three categories of small businesses that are excluded: (i)** or small businesses whose bonds are publicly traded on the market. 2) Financial institutions or other small enterprises of a financial nature.

3) Parent companies and subsidiaries within an enterprise group. If the accounting standards for small enterprises are not standardized, refer to the accounting standards for business enterprises. Enterprises that have already implemented the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises shall not switch to the implementation of the Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises.

Differences:

The scope of application is different: the small business accounting standard is used for small and medium-sized enterprises with a relatively simple business scale; Accounting standards for business enterprises are applicable to all enterprises, but in practice, if the enterprise is not a listed company or a group company, it is recommended to give preference to the accounting standards for small enterprises, because the accounting treatment and financial statements are relatively simple.

Accounting accounts are set up differently: the Accounting Standards for Small Enterprises have 25 fewer first-level accounts than the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises, such as trading financial assets, deferred tax assets, deferred tax liabilities, goodwill, provision for inventory decline, provision for bad debts, asset impairment losses, credit impairment losses, other income, profit and loss adjustments for previous years, treasury stocks, etc. If your business applies the small business accounting standards, it is recommended to read this book carefully, which is an essential tool for financial personnel.

The financial treatment is different: assets are not subject to asset impairment. The assets of small enterprises are measured at cost and do not require provision for impairment, that is, inventory does not need to make provision for inventory decline, fixed assets do not need to make provision for impairment of fixed assets, biological assets do not need to make provision for impairment of biological assets, and intangible assets do not need to make provision for impairment of intangible assets; Accounts receivable do not need to make provision for bad debts, and when bad debts actually occur, they are directly resold and included in non-operating expenses.