What is the difference and connection between the early Italian Renaissance and the high Renaissance

I can only help you from a visual arts perspective;

First of all, Italy is the core of the Renaissance, the Italian Renaissance came earlier than the rest of Europe, the origin was the end of the 13th, the early Renaissance focused on returning the visual focus of the public to human beings themselves, and its representative task in the fine arts was Giotto, the main difference between him and the previous painters was that his paintings of religious themes were full of life in Canada, which formed a strong contrast with the early Byzantine style. It can be understood that one is a religion full of humanism, and the other is a religion full of this sense of distance and mysticism.

In addition, in terms of technique, he introduced the concept of perspective, changing the previous plane to have depth, so that the painting is more attached to the sense of life.

Let's look at the heyday. Among the representative tasks are Raphael; Da vinci; Michelangelo. Raphael was good at depicting people, Leonardo da Vinci was an all-rounder (a little worship), and Michelangelo was good at sculpture and architecture.

At this time, the visual focus was still on the human body, but on the basis of Giotto in the early days, the painters thought about composition, anatomy, tension of the picture and many other elements, which can be understood as the pursuit of a more perfect picture on the basis of the original.

Of course, the degree is different, and the heyday is more focused on humanism.

The Renaissance was a reverence for European intellectual and artistic movements that took place in the 15th and 16th centuries, with Italy at the heart of its emergence. The background of the rise of the Renaissance in Italy is as follows: First, Italy is the birthplace of ancient Roman culture, and there are rich ancient ruins and documents, which makes people have a strong interest in the study and pursuit of ancient culture.

Second, the rise of Italian city-states, such as Florence and Venice, provided a stable environment and economic support for independent urban politics, thus creating the conditions for culture and art to flourish. Thirdly, Italy's ** and commercial development led to the rise of the wealthy merchant class, whose patronage and support became an important driving force for the Renaissance. Fourth, the Reformation took place to raise questions about the authority of religion, which in turn stimulated the pursuit of free thought and personal expression.

Overall, the background to the rise of the Renaissance in Italy was the inheritance of ancient cultural heritage, the rise of the city-state, the commercial boom, and the influence of the Reformation.

1. The background of the Renaissance.

1. With the budding development of capitalism, the bourgeoisie grows. The germ of capitalism is the product of the development of the commodity economy to a certain stage, and the commodity economy operates through the market, and the market selects the best to buy, bargain, and conclude a contract, all of which are voluntary acts after careful consideration.

This is the embodiment of freedom, and of course in order to have these "freedoms" there must also be freedom of ownership of the means of production, and the common premise of all these freedoms is the freedom of man. At this time, Italy was calling for human freedom, and the stale Europe needed a new ideological movement for human freedom.

2. The rule of the Catholic Church oppresses the individuality of man and hinders the development of science and production.

3. When the Byzantine Empire fell, a large number of scholars fled to Italy, bringing with them a large number of ancient Greek and Roman books.

4. The Italian cities were in strong power, sympathetic to and supportive of the bourgeoisie.

2. The influence of the Renaissance.

1. The Renaissance was the first bourgeois ideological emancipation movement in history. It has promoted the development of world culture, promoted the awakening of the people, and made the necessary ideological and cultural preparations for the development of capitalism. Ideological mobilization and preparations were made for the bourgeois revolution.

2. The Renaissance movement slowly liberated people from the shackles of traditional feudal theology, and people began to slowly explore the value of human beings from under the cloak of religion.

As human beings, this is a new concrete existence, not a new era of physical and spiritual attachment of feudal lords and religious lords. The Renaissance fully affirmed the value of human beings, valued human nature, and became a powerful call for people to break through the veils of the Middle Ages.

The Renaissance movement had a great influence on the political, scientific, economic, philosophical, and theological worldviews of the time. It was a revolutionary storm of the emerging bourgeoisie in the ideological field, also known as "the era of the emergence of giants.""。

Renaissance Causes:

1. Material basis.

In medieval Europe, the center was concentrated on the Mediterranean coast, Italy was the first to produce the germ of capitalism, and the bourgeoisie wanted to break through the shackles of church theology. The rise of commercial cities, the development of handicraft workshops, and economic prosperity.

Second, the cultural foundation.

A large number of ancient Greek and Roman cultural classics were transmitted from the Eastern Roman Empire to Italy.

3. Class basis.

The growth of the new bourgeoisie.

Fourth, talent advantage.

Renaissance Italy was full of talent, all in one place.

5. Geographical location.

Italy was relatively close to the East and had an early acceptance of Eastern culture (papermaking, printing).

Sixth, the fuse.

The Black Death was endemic in Europe.

7. Deep-seated reasons.

The Church strictly controlled people's minds and stirred up the discontent of the bourgeoisie and the common people.

I. The Beginning of the Italian Renaissance Fine Arts (century).

The characteristics of art are:

The figures are solemn and elegant, the clothing is heavy and textured, and the layers are rich, obviously with traces of Greco-Roman classical art. In terms of content, the work does not progress in principle, but Pisano adopts a realist and self-explanatory artistic language, making the abstract concept of religion a concrete image of matter, which implies a direct feeling of realism and a high degree of stylistic expressiveness. It was at this point that Pisano severed his intrinsic connection with the traditional art of the Middle Ages.

II. Fine Arts of the Early Italian Renaissance (15th century.

The characteristics of art are:

Artists whose mission is to reflect mundane life have become interested in anatomy in order to accurately represent the human body, and the correct representation of space requires strict perspective painting. Thus, in Florence the first manifestation of the combination of science and art. Brilliant Florentine artists began to abandon the medieval artistic tradition and carry out bold artistic reforms, which allowed the new realist art to grow further.

By this time, Florence had become the birthplace of an active cosmology, where new methods and techniques of creation had emerged.

The use of perspective in this period.

The heyday of the Renaissance was from the second half of the 15th century to the 16th century, when the center of gravity of the Renaissance shifted to Rome.

The Three Masters of the Renaissance appeared.

Finally, the fourth stage, from the second half of the 16th century to the early 17th century, was the late Renaissance.

This phase is represented by the rise of the Venetian School, with Titian, Giorgione, Veronese and Tintoletto, among others.

From the 15th century onwards, the influence of the Renaissance spread to Germany, Flanders and the Netherlands in Northern Europe.

The development of the Renaissance went through four stages:1The salient feature is that the development of literature has reached an unprecedented level.

(1) Economic BAI

The reason: the earliest germ of capitalism appeared in Italy.

2) Reasons for political governance: The bourgeoisie is in the process of being formed, and in order to protect and develop its own political and economic interests, it urgently needs to destroy the theological worldview of the church and eradicate all kinds of traditional views that maintain the feudal system.

3) Cultural reasons: Italian cities have preserved the classical culture of Greece and Rome.

4) Geographical reasons: Italy had long-standing ties with Byzantium and the Arab Empire.

Renaissance: The Renaissance refers to an ideological and cultural movement that arose in various Italian cities in the 14th century, later spread to Western European countries, and prevailed in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries, bringing a period of scientific and artistic revolution.

Core: The spirit of humanism. The essence is to use humanism to attack the shackles of religious theocracy and liberate people's minds. In fact, the thinkers of the Renaissance did not fully advocate the retro, but promoted new bourgeois ideas in the name of ancient culture.

Economic reasons: bai

DU was the first to appear in Italy

Capitalism sprouts. Political Original.

The bourgeois dictatorship is in the process of being formed, and in order to preserve and develop its own political and economic interests, it urgently demands the destruction of the theological worldview of the Church and the eradication of all traditional views that uphold the feudal system. Cultural reasons:

Italian cities have preserved the classical culture of Greece and Rome. Geographical reasons: Italy had long-standing ties with Byzantium and the Arab Empire.

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