Why the Renaissance originated in Italy What does the Renaissance stand for and what is the main thi

1. Material basis: In medieval Europe, the center was concentrated on the Mediterranean coast, Italy was the first to produce the germ of capitalism, and the bourgeoisie hoped to break through the shackles of church theology.

2. Cultural foundation: Italy retains a large number of ancient Greek and Roman cultural classics.

3. Talent advantage: From the 14th to the 17th century (Renaissance), Italy was full of talents, gathered in one place.

4. Geographical location: Italy is located in an important section of the Silk Road and accepted oriental culture earlier. (Papermaking, printing).

1 Economic basis: the first germ of capitalism appeared in Italy 2 Class basis: the formation and development of the bourgeoisie, in order to safeguard its own economic and political interests, urgently demanded the destruction of the theological worldview of the Church and the eradication of all traditional ideas that maintained the feudal system 3 Material basis

The prosperity of the Italian economy 4 Cultural foundation: Italy has preserved more of the classical culture of Greece and Rome 5 Talent reason: After the fall of the Byzantine Empire in 1453, a large number of scholars familiar with Latin fled to Italy, bringing with them a large number of ancient Greek and Roman books 6 Direct cause:

Feudal theology imprisoned people's thoughts, and I was tired of saying that it should be comprehensive.

There are two main reasons.

1. The germ of capitalism first appeared in Italy, and the emergence of the bud of capitalism provided the possibility for the rise of the Renaissance movement. In the late Middle Ages, the germ of capitalism first emerged in Italy in Europe, prompted by a variety of conditions. The germination of capitalism is the product of the development of the commodity economy to a certain stage, and the commodity economy operates through the market, and the market selects the best to buy, bargain, and conclude a contract, all of which are voluntary acts after deliberation, and this is the embodiment of freedom, of course, in order to have these freedoms, there must also be the freedom of ownership of the means of production, and the common premise of all these freedoms is human freedom.

At this time, Italy was calling for human freedom, and the stale Europe needed a new ideological movement for human freedom. The emergence of the budding capitalism also made it possible for the rise of this ideological movement. The prosperity of the city's economy has made wealthy merchants, workshop owners, and bankers who have succeeded in their careers and made them more confident in the value and strength of individuals, and more full of the spirit of innovation, enterprising, and adventurous and winning.

This provided a deep material foundation and a suitable social environment for the occurrence of the Renaissance.

2. Ancient Greek and Roman culture has been widely spread in Italy. In ancient Greece and Rome, literary and artistic achievements were high, and people were free to express various scholarly ideas, in contrast to the Middle Ages of the "Dark Ages". At the end of the 14th century, due to the invasion of the Ottoman Empire, many scholars from Eastern Rome fled to Western Europe with a large number of ancient Greek and Roman art treasures and books on literature, history, and philosophy.

Later, some Eastern Roman scholars set up a school called the "Greek Academy" in Florence, Italy, to teach the glorious history, civilization and culture of Greece. This brilliant achievement is consistent with the spiritual realm pursued by people after the emergence of capitalism. As a result, many scholars in Western Europe demanded the restoration of ancient Greek and Roman culture and art.

This demand is like a spring breeze that blows from Italy and slowly blows throughout Western Europe. The Renaissance movement arose.

(1) Economic BAI

The reason: the earliest germ of capitalism appeared in Italy.

2) Reasons for political governance: The bourgeoisie is in the process of being formed, and in order to protect and develop its own political and economic interests, it urgently needs to destroy the theological worldview of the church and eradicate all kinds of traditional views that maintain the feudal system.

3) Cultural reasons: Italian cities have preserved the classical culture of Greece and Rome.

4) Geographical reasons: Italy had long-standing ties with Byzantium and the Arab Empire.

Renaissance: The Renaissance refers to an ideological and cultural movement that arose in various Italian cities in the 14th century, later spread to Western European countries, and prevailed in Europe in the 16th and 17th centuries, bringing a period of scientific and artistic revolution.

Core: The spirit of humanism. The essence is to use humanism to attack the shackles of religious theocracy and liberate people's minds. In fact, the thinkers of the Renaissance did not fully advocate the retro, but promoted new bourgeois ideas in the name of ancient culture.

Economic reasons: bai

DU was the first to appear in Italy

Capitalism sprouts. Political Original.

The bourgeois dictatorship is in the process of being formed, and in order to preserve and develop its own political and economic interests, it urgently demands the destruction of the theological worldview of the Church and the eradication of all traditional views that uphold the feudal system. Cultural reasons:

Italian cities have preserved the classical culture of Greece and Rome. Geographical reasons: Italy had long-standing ties with Byzantium and the Arab Empire.

Raise the question:

Revolutions always begin in places where the enemy's forces are at their weakest.

1) The emergence of the capitalist mode of production. In the 14th century, the social productive forces in Italy developed considerably, and the capitalist mode of production emerged. The development of the productive forces has led to a change in people's attitudes.

2) The study and excavation of ancient Greek and Roman cultures has led to a total skepticism of medieval theology. Italy is a descendant of ancient Rome and is the direct successor of ancient Roman culture. They pursued the origins, yearning for the glory of ancient Rome, and began to develop their own culture from archaeology, discovering people and the value of people from the ancient Greco-Roman culture that was discovered in large quantities.

3) The emergence of patrons of the arts. The new bourgeois class – the big bankers, big businessmen and factory owners – became the new rulers of the Italian cities, and they invested heavily in the development of the arts, acting as "patrons of the arts". For example, the Medici family was the main patron of the arts.

4) The status of artists has improved. Since the Middle Ages, the status of artists has been extremely low, in the 15th century the status of artists was generally improved, and they were no longer considered craftsmen, and at the beginning of the 16th century, the excellent status of artists was fully affirmed by society. The talent of the artist can be fully exploited in superior conditions.

5) The war sent artists to Italy. In the 15th century, the Eastern Byzantine Empire was invaded by the Turks. Artists and scholars could not live in peace, so they fled to Florence and Siena in Italy with precious books, Greek art, etc.

6) The influence of new ideas that are gradually forming. Under the new economic conditions, humanism, an ideological culture opposed to the religious theocratic culture, was formed. Humanist scholars and artists advocated humanity against divinity, human rights against theocracy, and freedom of individuality against personal dependence.

It was on this basis that the fine arts of the Italian Renaissance developed.

Subjective reasons: The new bourgeoisie saw medieval culture as a regression, while the classical culture of Greece and Rome was a model of bright development, and they sought to revive classical culture – and the so-called "revival" was in fact an unprecedented liberation and creation of knowledge and spirit.

Practical reasons: feudal secession has caused widespread discontent, national consciousness has begun to awaken, and the masses of European countries have expressed a strong desire for national unity. As a result, a new period of culture and art began to reflect the interests and demands of the emerging capitalist forces.

Objective reasons: In 1453, the Ottoman Turkish Empire captured Constantinople and the Eastern Roman Empire fell. A large number of people who were influenced by Oriental culture and still retained the spirit of the ancient Roman Empire fled to Italy, bringing back many new ideas and arts, and opening schools in Rome to teach Greek, which led to the formation of the Renaissance movement.

What were the prerequisites for the rise of the Renaissance in Italy.

1) Economic reasons: The first germ of capitalism appeared in Italy.

2) Political reasons: The bourgeoisie is in the process of being formed in an autocratic way, and in order to preserve and develop its own political and economic interests, it urgently demands the destruction of the theological worldview of the Church and the eradication of all traditional views that defend the feudal system.

3) Cultural reasons: Italian cities have preserved the classical culture of Greece and Rome.

4) Geographical reasons: Italy had long-standing ties with Byzantium and the Arab Empire.

Precondition.

Conditions: The germination of capitalism has been a prerequisite for Italy to become the birthplace of the Renaissance, and the new bourgeoisie has defended and developed its own political and economic interests, first of all in the ideological field of anti-feudal struggle.

Important conditions: Italy's rich cultural heritage and many talents were important conditions for the Italian Renaissance. Humanists discovered from ancient texts the idea of affirming real life and affirming man, and on this basis, they established a new system of thought, that is, humanist thought.