What are the iron loss and copper loss of a transformer?

According to the situation you described: inside the transformer there is something called winding, which is made up of an iron core and copper wire. After the transformer is powered off, even if there is no electrical load access, the iron core itself is a conductor, and an electric current will be generated to heat the transformer.

Losses are generated, and this loss is no-load loss, also known as "iron loss". After the transformer is connected to the load, the current will also consume a certain amount of power when it passes through the copper wire wound on the iron core, which is the load loss, also known as "copper loss".

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Copper, which stands for copper coil winding. When the transformer winding is flowing with current, it will consume a part of the electrical energy and convert it into heat due to its own resistance. Because most of the transformer windings are wound with copper wires, the loss of the windings becomes the copper loss of the transformer.

cooper

loss, also called no-load loss.

Iron. Representing the iron core, the iron loss includes the hysteresis and eddy current losses of the magnetic material as well as the residual loss.

When the primary winding of the transformer is energized, the magnetic flux generated by the coil flows in the core, because the core itself is also a conductor (made of silicon steel sheet), and the electric potential will be induced in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field lines, and this electric potential will form a closed loop on the section of the core and generate a current, like a vortex, so it is called "eddy current". This "eddy current" increases the loss of the transformer and increases the temperature rise of the transformer with heating in the core. The loss caused by "eddy currents" is called "iron loss".

Ironloss, also known as load loss!

The loss of a transformer consists of two parts: iron loss and copper loss.

1) Iron loss:

The iron loss of the transformer includes two parts: hysteresis loss and eddy current loss, but in the test of transformer, only the total iron loss of the transformer needs to be known, and the hysteresis loss and eddy current loss need to be measured separately. The power obtained by the transformer in the no-load condition is consumed by the iron loss and the copper loss of the original winding, and the copper loss of the original winding is insignificant compared with the iron loss because the corresponding current is very small when the original winding is no-load, so the power consumed by the transformer at no load can be approximately regarded as the iron loss.

2) Copper loss.

The copper loss of a transformer is divided into two parts: the copper loss of the primary winding and the copper loss of the secondary winding. In a given transformer, the copper loss is only related to the load of the transformer, and the measurement of the copper loss of the transformer is determined by the short-circuit experiment, in the short-circuit experiment, the low-voltage winding of the transformer is shorted, and the other winding is added with an appropriately small voltage, so that the current through the two windings is equal to the rated value, which is called the short-circuit voltage, because the short-circuit voltage is very low, the iron loss of the transformer is negligible at this time, and the measured power can be regarded as the copper loss of the transformer in the rated state.

Iron loss is the sum of hysteresis losses and eddy current losses (negligible residual losses) per unit mass of ferromagnetic material in alternating and pulsating magnetic fields in W kg.

Copper loss is the power consumed on the resistance of the primary and secondary windings when the current passes through the primary and secondary windings of the transformer, and the copper loss is also called variable loss. As long as the current of the primary and secondary windings is constant, the measured copper loss is the constant loss.

The relationship between copper loss and iron loss

When the transformer is running at no load, the magnitude of the main magnetic flux in the core is determined by the voltage at the winding end. Therefore, when the voltage is rated on the primary (or secondary) side of the transformer, the main magnetic flux in the core reaches the value when the transformer is rated to work.

At this time, the power loss (iron loss) in the iron core also reaches the value of the transformer's rated working state, so when the transformer is unloaded, the input power of the primary side (or secondary side) can be considered to be all the iron loss of the transformer.

When doing the short circuit test, the low-voltage winding is generally short-circuited, and the test voltage is applied to the high-voltage winding, so that in the rated tap file, the primary side current reaches the rated value and the secondary side current also reaches the rated value, and the copper loss of the transformer is equivalent to the copper loss at the rated load.

Because the secondary side of the transformer is short-circuited, therefore, the working magnetic flux in the iron core is much smaller than the rated working state, and the iron loss is negligible, so the transformer has no output at this time, so all the input power of the short circuit test is basically consumed on the resistance of the primary and secondary windings of the transformer, which is the copper loss of the transformer.

Copper loss: Resistance loss.

Iron loss: Electromagnetic (eddy current) loss.

The total loss of the transformer δp = the loss ratio of the p0pc transformer = pc the efficiency of the p0 transformer = pz (pzδp), expressed as a percentage; where pz is the output power of the secondary side of the transformer.

p0 - no-load loss, mainly iron loss, including hysteresis loss and eddy current loss; Hysteresis loss is proportional to frequency; It is proportional to the power of the hysteresis coefficient of the maximum magnetic flux density. The eddy current loss is proportional to the product of frequency, maximum magnetic flux density, and thickness of the silicon steel sheet. PC - load loss, mainly the loss of load current through the winding on the resistance, generally known as copper loss.

Its magnitude varies with the load current and is proportional to the square of the load current; (and expressed as a standard coil temperature conversion value). The load loss is also affected by the temperature of the transformer, and the leakage tung flux caused by the load electrical delay and current will produce eddy current loss in the winding, and stray loss in the metal part outside the winding.

The no-load loss and load loss of the transformer refer to the iron loss and copper loss respectively, because the transformer has iron loss and copper loss, so its output power is always less than the input power, so the loss formula is: = output power input power.

After the primary winding of the transformer is energized, the magnetic flux generated by the coil flows through the core, because the core itself is also a conductor, and an electric potential is induced in the plane perpendicular to the magnetic field lines, and this electric potential forms a closed loop on the section of the core and generates an electric current, which is called "eddy current".

This "eddy current" increases the loss of the transformer and increases the temperature rise of the transformer's core heating transformer. The loss caused by "eddy currents" is called "iron loss".

In addition, a large number of copper wires are needed to wind the transformer, and these copper wires have Butanchai resistance, which will consume a certain amount of power when the current flows through, and this part of the loss is often turned into heat and consumed, which we call "copper loss".

During the operation of the transformer, copper loss and iron loss are unavoidable losses. The copper loss is mainly caused by the leakage current of the transformer passing through the coil, while the iron loss is mainly caused by the eddy current loss and hysteresis loss caused by the flux change of the transformer core. In order to better understand the performance of the transformer, the lower surface is the transformer copper loss and iron loss parameter table

1.Copper loss parameter table Copper loss = i In the formula r, i is the rated current of the transformer and r is the resistance of the coil. Transformer rated capacity (kva) Transformer rated current (a) Transformer coil resistance ( ) Copper loss (w) 10 286 25 36 500 50 72 1,080 100 144 2,592 200 288 5,832 2

Iron loss parameter table Iron loss = kf f bm) where kf is the magnetic loss coefficient, f is the frequency, bm is the magnetic induction intensity, and v is the volume of the transformer. Transformer rated capacity (kva) power supply frequency (hz) magnetic induction intensity (t) magnetic loss coefficient (w kg) transformer volume (m) iron loss (w) 10 50 25 50 50 50 100 50 200 50 1, In general, copper loss and iron loss are inevitable losses in transformer operation, but reasonable selection of transformer capacity and use conditions can effectively reduce losses. Therefore, when choosing a transformer, it is necessary to pay attention to the parameters such as the rated capacity of the transformer, the frequency of the power supply and the magnetic induction intensity.

Summary. Hello dear! I am honored to answer for you, the copper loss and iron loss of the transformer is one of the important parameters in the operation of the transformer, the following is a common transformer copper loss and iron loss parameter table:

Transformer Capacity (kVA) |Copper loss (w) |Iron loss (w) |10 | 80 | 150 ||25 | 200 | 350 ||50 | 400 | 600 ||100 | 800 | 1200 ||250 | 2000 | 3000 ||500 | 4000 | 6000 |It should be noted that the value in this ** is only an approximate reference value, and the actual copper loss and iron loss will be affected by a variety of factors, such as transformer design, materials, processes, etc. Therefore, in the specific application, it needs to be adjusted according to the actual situation.

Hello dear! I am honored to answer for you, the copper grinding state of the transformer and the iron loss is one of the important blind parameters in the operation of the transformer, the following is a common transformer copper loss and iron loss parameter table: |Transformer Capacity (kVA) |Copper loss (w) |Iron loss (w) |10 | 80 | 150 ||25 | 200 | 350 ||50 | 400 | 600 ||100 | 800 | 1200 ||250 | 2000 | 3000 ||500 | 4000 | 6000 |It should be noted that the value in this ** is only an approximate reference value, and the actual copper loss and iron loss will be affected by a variety of factors, such as transformer design, materials, processes, etc.

Therefore, in the specific application, it is necessary to adjust the closed rule according to the actual situation.

1) Active loss: δP P0 kt 2pk;

2) Reactive power loss: δQ Q0 kt 2qk;

3) Comprehensive power loss: δpz δp kqδq.

The selection conditions for each parameter in the calculation of the above equation are:

1) Take KT;

2) When the minimum load of the 6kV 10kV step-down transformer of the urban power grid and the industrial enterprise power grid is taken as the minimum load of the system, its reactive power equivalent kq;

3) transformer average load factor, for agricultural transformers can be preferable 20; For industrial enterprises, the implementation of a three-shift system, can be taken 75;

When the transformer is running at no load, the magnitude of the main magnetic flux in the core is determined by the nuclear boost voltage at the winding end. Therefore, when the rated voltage is applied to the primary side (or secondary side) of the transformer, the main magnetic flux in the core reaches the value of the transformer when it is rated to work, and the power loss (iron loss) in the core also reaches the value of the rated working state of the transformer.

Therefore, when the transformer is no-loaded, the input power of the primary side (or secondary side) can be considered to be all the iron loss of the transformer.