How are ionic states in the universe created?

There are four forms of matter: solid-liquid gas, plasma Plasma is a state of matter that is composed of a large number of free electrons and ions and is approximately electrically neutral as a whole. It has a large electrical conductivity and its motion is mainly governed by electromagnetic forces.

When the temperature of the gas is high enough, the molecules or atoms of the gas are ionized into positive ions and free electrons, and the ionized gas is a typical plasma. In fact, only the ionized gas that is ionized already has obvious plasma properties, and if 1 gas is ionized, it is already a plasma with great conductivity. High-temperature plasma used in thermonuclear reactions is almost completely ionized.

Arcs, fluorescent lamps, ionized gases that glow in neon lights, high-temperature ionized gases in laboratories, etc., are all man-made plasmas. The ionosphere that surrounds the Earth, the sun and other stars, the solar wind, and many interstellar materials are also plasma. In the universe, plasma is the main form of matter and accounts for the vast majority of the total amount of matter in the universe.

The macroscopic electrical neutrality of a plasma means that the positive and negative charges it contains are almost equal everywhere. In plasma, the interaction between charged particles is mainly the long-range Coulomb force, each particle interacts with many surrounding particles at the same time, and the short-range interaction force between general gas molecules is very different, so the plasma generally shows obvious collective behavior during the movement. For example, when electrons and cations are macroscopically separated, the interaction between them forms an electrostatic recovery force that causes a collective oscillation of electrons and cations (see Plasma Frequency).

Since the plasma is composed of charged particles, in the presence of an external magnetic field, the movement of the plasma will be strongly influenced and dominated by the magnetic field. In addition, in high-temperature plasma, the temperature of the nucleus and electrons is extremely high, and the thermal motion is violent, and they collide violently with each other, which may realize a thermonuclear fusion reaction. All of the above shows that the properties of plasma are quite different from gases, and it is another state of aggregation that is different from gaseous, liquid, and solid substances, so it is also called the fourth state of matter.

However, since plasma is macroscopically electrically neutral and at the same time a gas, the general gas laws and many relationships still apply to plasma. In addition to ionizing gases, electrolyte solutions contain positive and negative ions that can move freely, conduct electricity, and are plasma. Although the positive ions that make up the crystal lattice in the metal do not move, the free electrons can move freely in the metal, and the whole is electrically neutral. In semiconductors, electrons and holes are in motion and are electrically neutral as a whole.

Metals and semiconductors are typical solid-state plasmas.

Also, you can read about the ionic state below: Ionic life is based on the fourth state ——— the ionic state of matter. Most biologists believe that living cells emerge through a long and complex evolution of hundreds of millions or even billions of years, through simple molecules such as amino acids and primitive proteins, and finally the structure of living organisms. But if Sandolović and his colleagues (who found signs of ionic life in their lab at CUZAUNIVERSITY) are correct, then this theory may have to be revised, arguing that cell-like tissues could have been produced in a matter of microseconds, since the environment in their experiments was similar to that of the early Earth, when the planet was covered in an electron storm and constantly produced ions in the atmosphere.

If ionic life does arise naturally, it is entirely possible that they could occur in the outer or even inner layers of stars, in the magnetospheres of planets, in nebulae ionized by blue giants (such as the Orion Nebula), and even within minutes of the presence of ball lightning.

There are six known forms of matter: solid, liquid, gaseous, plasma, Bose-Einstein condensate, fermion condensed plasma is also a relatively common state of matter, such as lightning, a state in which some or all of the electrons outside the molecule and atom are stripped away at high frequency voltage.

In this state, the motion of each charged particle or particle cluster, in addition to its own kinetic energy, is mainly through electromagnetic force and other molecular clusters, and is constrained by other molecular clusters. If the number of positive and negative charges in this ionized state is equal, the externally embodied state is called the plasma state.

Substances in the plasma state have high energy and activity, high temperatures, and usually exist in a manner close to gaseous. For example, the outer layer of the sun exists in a plasma state. The plasma state is composed of an equal amount of negatively charged electrons and positively charged ions, and we usually call the substances in the plasma state plasma.

When the universe was born, there was no "free electron" because there were no electrons at this time.

The cosmic spike is a large-scale quantum fluctuation process, and the universe is in a state of maximum temperature and density at the initial moment. Elementary particles are only born 10 seconds after the cosmic grand event. Scientists believe that exotic particles appear first, followed by more familiar particles, such as electrons, neutrinos, and quarks.

Dark matter particles may also appear during this time. The quarks soon combined to form the protons and neutrons that we are familiar with, which are collectively known as baryons. Neutrinos are able to escape these plasma soups of electric particles and begin to move freely in space, while photons continue to be bound in this plasma.

At 1 second and 3 minutes after the occurrence of the universe, the nuclei began to appear, and the protons and neutrons gathered into the nuclei of some light elements (hydrogen, helium, lithium). However, due to the extremely high temperature, particles such as nuclei and electrons are moving at extremely high speeds, and the nuclei cannot bind the electrons by electromagnetic force, and the atoms have not yet formed. The nuclei of light elements, electrons, and other particles move separately, and they are still in the state of plasma soup.

Guess the hand. It takes hundreds of thousands of years for the particle soup to cool enough for the electrons to combine with the nucleus to form electrically neutral atoms. This process is known as compounding.

The other universes can be divided into two types, namely the horizontal universe and the vertical universe. Because the universe of 15 billion light-years is indeed very large for finiteness. But for infinity, 15 billion light-years is always a drop of water in the ocean.

This means that there are an infinite number of universes like 15 billion light-years in infinite three-dimensional coordinates. These infinite universes of 15 billion light-years are all horizontally equal because they can all be the origin of the stereo coordinates, or any point in the stereo coordinates. Therefore, the matter of other universes in three-dimensional coordinates must be composed of atoms, molecules, or ions.

In addition to the horizontal universe, there is also the vertical universe. Because not only do some people zoom in on quarks to look at the universe at 15 billion light-years, but there are also people who see the solar system or the Milky Way galaxy as an atom. This kind of upper and lower cannot be capped, and the infinite number of universes produced is the vertical universe.

In this way, the universe produced by the upper and lower levels cannot produce equality, so the matter of other universes in the vertical direction is not necessarily composed of atoms, molecules, and ions.

Not necessarily, the universe is too big, anything can happen, human beings still know too little, and it may take thousands of years to understand the origin of the universe.

Not necessarily, humanity itself is not sure that there is another universe.