The socio economy of the Buryats, the economy of the Republic of Buryatia

In the middle of the 17th century, the Buryats dissolved the patriarchal clan system, and early feudal relations began to develop, but for a long time there were remnants of blood revenge and clan mutual assistance.

In the late 19th century, the Buryats in the eastern regions were mainly nomatric, raising sheep, horses and camels; In the west, they are mostly semi-nomadic, growing small amounts of barley and millet, and engaged in hunting and fishing. Due to their early mastery of iron-making technology, iron-making was their main handicraft. The Buryats are dominated by animal husbandry, and hunting and fishing are also important.

The Buryats living in China's Sini River region have successively bred excellent breeds such as "Sini Hippopotamus" and "Sini River Cattle", and the level of animal husbandry mechanization is the highest in China's pastoral areas, and household appliances, tractors, motorcycles, etc., have been very commonly incorporated into their production and life. Each house has grass threshing equipment and agricultural four-wheeled vehicles, and there are more than 200 small cars, and televisions, motorcycles and mobile phones have become widespread. In 2005, the per capita net income reached 10,115 yuan.

A new type of cooperative pastoral care has been established in the form of social security, and 91 per cent of Buryat herders have taken part in the insurance.

The Republic of Buryatia is an industrial and agricultural republic belonging to the Eastern Siberian Economic Zone, with large mining and timber industrial zones and mechanical engineering industries. In the Republic of Buryatia there are 4 main economic regions:

Briskenginsk Economic District: It is the main economic development center of the Republic of Buryatia, located on the banks of the Selenga River, where non-ferrous and rare metals (tungsten, molybdenum) are mined. The machinery industry, the timber industry, the building materials industry are well developed, the agriculture has fine wool products and meat products, and the center is the city of Ulan-Ude.

Brybaikalsk Economic District: Located on the shores of Lake Baikal, it is famous for its timber industry, fishing and fur hunting.

Oginsk-Duginsk Economic Zone: located at the eastern end of the Eastern Sayan Ridge, along the Irkut River. It is mainly engaged in meat, dairy animal husbandry, and cereal cultivation (only along the Irkut River).

The area is rich in minerals, including nepheline syenite, bauxite, graphite, asbestos, limestone, rare metals, non-ferrous metals, etc.

Baudovsk Economic Zone: Located on the banks of the Vitim River, there is mainly a mining and hunting industry, and there are a variety of minerals: rare and non-ferrous metals, fibrous asbestos, etc.

Buryatia imports are mainly made from Vietnam, Mongolia and China, and products are exported to 25 countries. Almost half of the foreign economic activity of the Republic of Buryatia is carried out in cooperation with the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China, and the other countries are Ukraine, Kazakhstan and Belarus.

In the structure of the investment is the federal budget, the budget of the federal subjects and the local budget are invested, and the funds of private enterprises and units are self-owned.