History is a case of failure after copying predecessors

There are many examples of failures in history, and here are two of them:

1.*Zhao Kuo**: Zhao Kuo is the son of Zhao Hao, a famous general of Zhao during the Warring States Period, who is familiar with military books, but lacks practical combat experience. In the Battle of Changping, he only knew how to act according to the military book, and did not know how to adapt, and was defeated by the Qin army.

2.*Ma Tan**: Ma Tan was a Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period**, he had learned the tactics of Han Xin's last battle, but failed in practical application. In the Battle of Jieting, he copied the tactics in the military book without taking into account the actual terrain and enemy situation, and was defeated.

Both of these examples illustrate that copying the experience of predecessors is often difficult to succeed and needs to be adapted and innovated according to the actual situation.

Zhao Kuo, the son of Zhao Hao, a famous general of Zhao during the Warring States Period, learned the art of war when he was young, and his father couldn't trouble him when he talked about military affairs. Later, he succeeded Lian Po as a general of Zhao in the Battle of Changping.

Middle. I only knew that it was done according to the military book, but I didn't know how to do it, and I was defeated by the Qin army. Ma Tan learned Han Xin.

Fighting against the water, losing the pavilion. Horse aid. The way of reality defeats Wuxi.

Let me add something they didn't mention In the late Western Han Dynasty, Wang Mang, a foreign relative, established a new regime and restored the well field system during the Warring States period, which later caused an uneven distribution of land, which led to a large-scale peasant uprising, and he himself was eventually killed.

Dong Shi Xiaofeng: Dong Shi saw the beauty of Xi Shi's illness and wanted to imitate Xi Shi, but the result was really bad. Random imitation, but failed like this.

The Westernization Movement, learning Western technology to engage in enterprises, failed to achieve national prosperity and strong people; changed the law, learned from Japan, and was obstructed and suppressed by the diehards and defeated; The Xinhai Revolution learned from Europe and the United States, and the fruits of victory were stolen and ultimately failed.

The Chinese bourgeois reformers led by Kang Liang also hoped to follow Japan's example and embark on the road of capitalism through top-down reform to implement a constitutional monarchy and get rid of the national crisis, but failed.

Here are a few classic examples:

1. The wind is loud.

During the Eastern Jin Dynasty, the Qin lord Fu Jian (fú) led a large army, known as one million, to line up in Feishui to fight a decisive battle with the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Jin general Xie Xuan and others waded through the water with 8,000 elites, and the Qin soldiers were defeated. Fu Jianzhong rushed to the ground, and the dead were incalculable by throwing themselves into the water, and the fat water did not flow.

The remnants abandoned their armor and fled. Hearing the rumors, they all thought that Wang Shuai had arrived, and they slept in the rough, starvation and freezing, and the dead were seventeen or eighteen.

2, Qin Wuyang.

When Jing Ke assassinated the King of Qin, he was frightened, if he gave a little effort, history would probably have to be rewritten. This is what I think is the most regrettable example.

3. Jiaqing.

Because of the fear that the reform would damage the foundation of the ancestors, a series of policies such as closing the country to the outside world during the Qianlong period continued to lead to China's science and technology lagging far behind the Western countries of the same period, until the Opium War was defeated by Britain in 1840, and China was reduced to a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society.

4, Zhuge Liang's empty city plan, Zhuge retreated to Zhongda, and Sima Yi lost the opportunity to capture Zhuge Liang because he was afraid.

5. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, the Later Qin Emperor Fu Jian led an army of 800,000 to attack the Later Jin Dynasty, boasting that throwing a whip into the water can cut off the river. Prime Minister Xie Cheng, who has made a comeback, has a good army.

Because Fu Jian was afraid of his reputation, he was so loud that he scared himself, fought without a fight, and finally failed. In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms Empty City Plan, Sima Yi was automatically defeated because he was afraid of Zhuge Liang.

Yue Wang Goujian lay down and tasted the courage Liu Bang returned to Guanzhong and went out to kill Xiang Yu.

Yue Wang Goujian. Lying on the salary to taste the gall, three thousand Yuejia can swallow Wu.

Goujian, the king of Yue (about 520 BC 465 BC), surnamed Goujian, also known as Jiuqian, Suzhi, a descendant of Xia Yu, the son of Yunchang, the king of Yue, the monarch of Yue in the late Spring and Autumn period. He ascended the throne in 496 BC, but was defeated by Wu and was forced to sue for peace. After returning to China, he reused Fan Li and literature, and tried his courage to gradually recover the national strength of the Yue country.

In 482 BC, Wu Wangfu sent Xing troops to participate in the meeting of Huangchi, in order to demonstrate the strength of the elite to come out. Goujian, the king of Yue, seized the opportunity to lead his troops and defeated Wu's division. Fucha hurriedly made an alliance with the Jin State and returned, and was defeated in a series of battles with Gou Jian.

It was a last resort to negotiate peace with Vietnam. In 473 BC, Fucha was forced to commit suicide, destroyed the state of Wu and became the last overlord in the Spring and Autumn Period.

Xiang Yu and Chu Han were defeated in the battle, and Yu Ji killed herself, causing Xiang Yu to collapse and kill herself in Wujiang.

Fu Jian, after the Battle of Weishui, the empire that could have been unified perished.

Yuan Shao, after the Battle of Guandu, collapsed.

Napoleon, he hasn't gotten up since Waterloo.

Cao Cao, Battle of Red Cliffs.

Guan Yu defeated Maicheng.

Former Qin Fujian, a typical example of the rapid death of the country after the defeat of the Battle of Weishui.

Napoleon, after his defeat at Waterloo, was devastated and died on the island of St. Helena.

Xiang Yu did not come out of the defeat, and finally Wujiang killed himself.

Alexandre Dumas, a famous French ** family, is the son of the literary master Alexandre Dumas, when he was young, he worked hard to create, wrote countless articles, but he did not reveal his special identity, and all he got in exchange for was a letter of rejection, but he never gave up on himself, until "La Traviata" came out, which caused a sensation in the entire European literary world and became a blockbuster.

Sima Qian, the author of "Records of the Historians", traveled all over the country when he was young, laying a solid ideological foundation for his literary thought and historical outlook. After being punished by the palace, he was still unswerving, and after several years, he finally became a grand masterpiece of "the rhyme of separation, the swan song of the historian".

Leonardo da Vinci, the "giant" of the Renaissance, painted eggs every day and eventually achieved "positive results", and Marx wrote "Capital" and consulted thousands of materials in the British Museum.

The Qing Dynasty commander Zeng Guofan led his troops to defeat the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom in the early stage of the battle, which caused him to fall into despair and threw himself into the river, wanting to commit suicide to apologize or wash his humiliation, but fortunately he was rescued by his entourage. Later, in a report to the emperor, it was mentioned that the battle situation was "repeated defeats", and everyone felt that it was inappropriate at that time, and after discussion, Zeng Guofan, who had returned from the brink of death, changed it to "repeated defeats and repeated battles".Repeated defeats are "declining people", and "repeated defeats and repeated battles" are people who become more and more courageous the more frustrated.

After seeing the concerto, the imperial court thought that its courage was commendable, and instead of punishing it, it entrusted it with a heavy responsibility. The original characters were not moved, but only the order was changed, which also encouraged Zeng Guofan, reorganized his morale, and finally attacked Tianjing, the capital of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom. The embarrassment of the defeated army turned into the indomitable perseverance of the hero.

Beiyang Naval Division, it should be said that the failure of the Westernization Movement was all due to copying.

The failure of the Westernization Movement was not a copy, but not even a copy, it was only a technical copy of the West, and in terms of system it was still the same old (Chinese style and Western use).

Think about it, the Beiyang Naval Division was the most powerful military force in Asia at that time (** aspect), and the Qing Dynasty was the most corrupt feudal dynasty in the world at that time (in terms of management alone), it is strange not to fail.