Philosophical Distinction and Connection between Perceptual and Rational Cognition

Difference: From the perspective of content, perceptual cognition is the cognition of the phenomenon of things, and rational cognition is the cognition of the essence of things; From a formal point of view, perceptual cognition directly reflects things with human sensory organs, and rational cognition can only be grasped by human rational thinking. Perceptual cognition is the primary stage of cognition, which is the reflection of people's various aspects, phenomena and external connections of things, including feelings, perceptions, and appearances, and it is characterized by directness and imagery.

Rational cognition is the advanced stage of cognition, which is a reflection of the totality, essence, and internal relations of things. It includes three forms, such as concept, judgment and reasoning, and has the characteristics of indirectness and abstraction.

Connection: Rational cognition depends on perceptual cognition. Because perceptual cognition is the starting point of rational cognition, perceptual cognition is the result of direct experience, and rational cognition based on perceptual cognition is true and reliable, insisting that rational cognition comes from perceptual cognition is to adhere to materialism in epistemology.

Perceptual cognition has yet to develop into rational cognition. Because only rational understanding reveals the essential laws of things, is a more profound, more comprehensive, and more reliable reflection of things, and only rational understanding can guide people to act according to the laws and effectively transform the world.

The definition of this is very unclear, but if you explain it in a dictionary. Perceptual cognition, then, refers to the knowledge obtained directly through the senses, and rational cognition refers to the cognition obtained by thinking on the basis of perceptual cognition. We cannot guarantee that perceptual knowledge will be superficial, nor can we guarantee that rational knowledge will be essential.

To put it simply. Perceptual cognition is established through the sensory organs.

Rational cognition is the deep processing of perceptual cognition, which can only be obtained through the thinking of the brain.

When we were kids, we were all emotional, and when we grew up, some of us became rational, and some of us remained emotional.

Perceptual cognition is the primary stage of cognition, which is people's reflection of various aspects, phenomena and external connections of things. Perceptual cognition includes three forms: sensation, perception, and appearance. Perceptual cognition is characterized by directness and imagery.

Rational cognition is the advanced stage of cognition, which is people's reflection of the subject, essence and internal connection of things. Rational cognition includes three forms: concept, judgment, and reasoning. Rational cognition is characterized by indirectness and abstraction.

Perceptual cognition and rational cognition are dialectically unified: first, rational cognition depends on perceptual cognition, and rational cognition must be based on perceptual cognition.

Second, perceptual understanding needs to be developed and deepened into rational understanding. Third:

Perceptual cognition and rational cognition penetrate and contain each other, and the distinction between the two is relative. Perceptual cognition and rational cognition are dialectically unified, and the basis of unity is practice. Perceptual cognition is produced in practice, and the transition from perceptual cognition to rational cognition is also realized on the basis of practice.

1. Perceptual cognition is the premise and foundation of rational cognition.

Perceptual cognition is the acquisition of superficial and preliminary knowledge of things through the three interrelated forms of feeling, perception and appearance. Perceptual cognition is the basic form of human consciousness in connection with the external world. Perceptual cognition has the characteristics of directness, one-sidedness and subjectivity.

It is a primary form of understanding that provides thinking materials for the development of rational understanding;

2. Rational cognition is a high-level form of cognition developed on the basis of perceptual cognition.

Rational cognition is the understanding of the nature and regularity of things through three progressive forms: concept, reasoning, and judgment. Rational cognition is characterized by indirectness, abstraction, and objectivity. Rational cognition is a high-level form of cognition based on perceptual cognition to reveal the essence and regularity of things.

3. The dialectical relationship between perceptual cognition and rational cognition.

1) There is an interdependent relationship between perceptual cognition and rational cognition. Rational cognition relies on perceptual cognition to provide the material for thinking (materialism in epistemology); Perceptual cognition has yet to develop into rational cognition, that is, to see the essence through phenomena. (Dialectics in Epistemology);

2) Perceptual cognition and rational cognition penetrate each other. From the perspective of human cognition: the understanding of the previous stage is the premise and foundation of the understanding of the later stage, so relatively speaking, the understanding of the previous stage is perceptual, and the understanding of the latter stage is rational, but this process is also inverted;

3) The erroneous view of separating perceptual cognition from rational cognition. Perceptual cognition and rational cognition are the relationship between the premise foundation and the inheritance and development, rather than the relationship between opposites. Without perceptual understanding of things, rational understanding is utopian, fish without water and cooking without rice.

Without a rational understanding of things, perceptual understanding can only stay on the surface of things, and cannot reveal the essence and laws of things.

4) Practice is the fundamental means to connect perceptual cognition and rational cognition. Practice is the sum total of the internal struggle and the external struggle of thought, or practice is the general term for people's material and ideological activities. People put their own acquired feelings, perceptions, and apparent understandings into social activities for practice, revise their understanding through the frustrations and experiences gained from social practice activities, and then use the revised understanding to guide practice, and so on until they succeed.

This is the process of transition from perceptual cognition to rational cognition, in which practice plays the meaning and role of medium and verification.

Perceptual. and rational cognition are two stages of the same epistemic process. The two are both opposed to each other and unified with each other.

The difference between perceptual cognition and rational cognition is that perceptual cognition is the primary stage of cognition, which is produced by the direct action of objective things on people's sensory organs, it reflects the specific characteristics and external connections of things, has the characteristics of directness and imagery, and is the understanding of the phenomena of things. Rational cognition is the advanced stage of cognition, which is the abstraction and generalization of perceptual cognition materials, which has the characteristics of indirectness and abstraction, and reflects the essence of things.

Perceptual cognition: On the basis of practice, people directly perceive the phenomena of things, the external connections of things, and the understanding of various aspects of things, including sensations, perceptions, and appearances.

Rational cognition: refers to people's understanding of the essence, wholeness, internal relationship and the regularity of things themselves on the basis of summarizing and sorting out the perceptual materials of Daming He with the help of abstract thinking.

Dialectical relationship: First of all, rational and stool cognition depends on perceptual cognition, and rational cognition must be based on perceptual cognition. Secondly, perceptual understanding needs to be developed and deepened into rational understanding.

Finally, perceptual and rational cognition penetrate and contain each other, and the distinction between the two is relative, and one should not and cannot separate them. Perceptual cognition and rational cognition are dialectically unified, and the basis of unity is practice.

Perceptual cognition is the initial stage of cognitive development, and it is people's understanding of the phenomena, various aspects and external connections of things through their sense organs. Rational cognition is an advanced stage of cognitive development, and it is the understanding of the essence of things, the totality and the internal relationship of things, which people have obtained through abstract thinking. Therefore, "b,' is correct with fierceness, and "a", "c", and "d" are wrong. )．

Answer: good sedan car case]: b

The difference between perceptual cognition and rational cognition refers to the fact that perceptual cognition is a reflection of the superficial, direct, concrete, and individual characteristics of things, so it is not a deep, empty, and one-sided cognition; Rational cognition is a reflection of the essence of things, totality, indirect, and generalization, and is therefore a profound, comprehensive, and relatively stable understanding of the socks world. The answer is B(p107).

a.Sensory understanding is based on real life, and rational understanding is based on rational thinking.

b.Perceptual cognition is correct, but rational cognition is wrong.

c.Perceptual cognition is based on the objective world, and rational cognition is based on people's subjective observation and thinking.

d.Perceptual cognition reflects the phenomenon of things, and rational cognition reflects the essence of things.

Correct answer: d

Perceptual cognition is the primary stage of cognition, directness is its outstanding feature, it is vivid, vivid, and penetrates into the essence of things; Rational cognition is an advanced stage of cognition, which has the characteristics of abstraction and indirectness, and it is profound because it reflects the essence of things.

The relationship between the two: first, rational cognition must depend on the early cognition of the perceptual state and must be based on perceptual cognition (epistemological materialism); secondly, perceptual cognition needs to be developed and deepened into rational cognition (epistemological dialectic); Finally, the distinction between perceptual and rational cognition permeates and contains each other, and the distinction between the two is relative, and one should not and cannot separate them.