How many types of ecosystems are there, and what are the types and levels of ecosystems?

According to the driving force and influence of ecosystem formation, it can be divided into three categories: natural ecosystem, semi-natural ecosystem and artificial ecosystem.

Any ecosystem that has not been subjected to human intervention and support, and relies on the self-regulation ability of organisms and the environment itself to maintain relatively stable within a certain space and time range, is a natural ecosystem. Such as primeval forests, tundra, oceans and other ecosystems; Ecosystems established according to human needs and strongly intervened by human activities are artificial ecosystems, such as cities, farmlands, artificial forests, artificial climate chambers, etc.; Ecosystems that have undergone human intervention but still maintain a certain natural state are semi-natural ecosystems, such as grasslands that are naturally grazing, natural forests managed and managed by humans, etc.

According to the environmental nature and morphological characteristics of the ecosystem, the ecosystem is divided into aquatic ecosystem and terrestrial ecosystem. Aquatic ecosystems are further divided into freshwater ecosystems (including: flowing water aquatic ecosystems, still water aquatic ecosystems) and marine ecosystems (including: ) according to the different physical and chemical properties of water bodies

coastal ecosystems, shallow sea ecosystems, coral reef ecosystems, pelagic ecosystems); Terrestrial ecosystems are divided into forest ecosystems (including: temperate coniferous forest ecosystems, temperate deciduous forest ecosystems, tropical forest ecosystems), grassland ecosystems (including: steppe ecosystems, wet steppe ecosystems, savanna steppe ecosystems), desert ecosystems, and tundra ecosystems (including:

polar tundra ecosystem, alpine tundra ecosystem), farmland ecosystem, urban ecosystem, etc.

Forest ecosystems.

Grassland ecosystems.

Farmland ecosystems.

Marine ecosystems.

Freshwater ecosystems.

Overview of Ecosystems (Teaching by Knowledge Points) - Types of Ecosystems.

Don't think that there is only one ecosystem or one type, there are different types and levels of ecosystems. As large as the entire biosphere, as small as a drop of water, it can be seen as an ecosystem. Environments are different, organisms are different, and ecosystems are different.

The marine environment and the organisms in the ocean make up the marine ecosystem, and the forest environment and the organisms in the forest make up the forest ecosystem. In addition, ponds, lakes, rivers, swamps, grasslands, deserts, mountains, basins and even farmland can form ecosystems of different types and levels. Various ecosystems have their own special structures and functions.

Ecosystem types: terrestrial ecosystems, wetland ecosystems, and aquatic ecosystems.

1. Terrestrial ecosystems.

A terrestrial ecosystem is a continuum of terrestrial organisms on the Earth's land surface that interact with their environment. This system occupies 1 3 of the total surface area of the Earth, with the atmosphere and soil as the medium, and the habitat is complex and diverse. According to the characteristics of habitat and the growth type of plant community, it can be divided into forest ecosystem, grassland ecosystem, desert ecosystem, wetland ecosystem, mountain system and farmland ecosystem subject to artificial intervention.

The primary producers of the system are mainly herbaceous or woody plants, and the consumers are herbivores or carnivores of various god types. Among the terrestrial natural ecosystems, forest ecosystems have the most complex structure, the largest number of biological species, and the highest productivity, while desert ecosystems have the lowest productivity.

2. Wetland ecosystems.

Wetland ecosystems belong to aquatic ecosystems. Its biological community is composed of aquatic and terrestrial species, with active material cycle, energy flow, and species migration and evolution, and has high ecological diversity, species diversity and biological productivity. The interaction between hydrology, soil and climate of wetlands forms the main environmental elements of wetland ecosystems.

The change in the finger of each factor leads to changes in ecosystems, especially hydrology, to a greater or lesser extent. When it is disturbed by natural or man-made activities.

The stability of the ecosystem has been damaged to a certain extent, which in turn affects the structure of the biological community and changes the wetland ecosystem. Because the wetland is the transition zone between land and water, it has both abundant terrestrial and aquatic animal and plant resources, forming a natural gene pool and unique biological environment that cannot be matched by any other single ecosystem, and the special soil and climate provide complex and complete animal and plant communities, which have irreplaceable ecological value for the protection of species and the maintenance of biodiversity.

3. Aquatic ecosystems.

Aquatic ecosystems refer to the dynamic systems in which biological communities and their environments are combined. It can be divided into two major ecosystems, freshwater and marine, and their subordinate levels (or levels) of water. Among them, freshwater ecosystems usually include lakes, reservoirs and river ecosystems, and marine ecosystems usually include coastal and inland bay ecosystems, algae farm ecosystems, coral and mangrove ecosystems, open sea ecosystems, upwelling ecosystems, deep-sea ecosystems, etc.

The first three of the marine ecosystem can be collectively referred to as the coastal ecosystem, while the last three are the oceanic ecosystem. Each level of water ecosystem occupies a certain space, contains interacting biotic and abiotic components, and forms a unity with a certain structure and function through the action of material cycle, energy flow and information flow.

China's land is vast, the ocean is vast, and the climate is changeable, therefore, a variety of types of ecosystems have been formed, and the ecosystems that are commonly referred to refer to the natural ecosystems mainly include: <>

Therefore, the answer is that China's ecosystems include forest ecosystems, grassland ecosystems, desert ecosystems, and wetland ecosystems.

Marine ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems, urban ecosystems, farmland ecosystems

Ecosystem: Refers toA unified whole formed by the interaction of a biological community with its inorganic environment.

There are many types of ecosystems. According to **, it can be divided into:Natural ecosystemsand artificialEcosystem, which can be divided into according to land and waterAquatic ecosystemswithTerrestrial ecosystems, which can be divided into according to water quality:Marine ecosystems. withFreshwater ecosystems. Wait. Here are some common ecosystems:

Grassland ecosystems, forest ecosystems, wetland ecosystems, Arctic tundra ecosystems, desert ecosystems, river ecosystems, lake ecosystems, farmland ecosystems, plantation ecosystems, orchard ecosystems, urban ecosystems, biospheres, etc.

It can also be divided into artificial ecosystems and natural ecosystems, and the most common artificial ecosystems are urban ecosystems, farmland ecosystems, and pond ecosystems. There are many types of natural ecosystems, which can be divided into aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems, among which aquatic ecosystems include marine ecosystems, river ecosystems, lake ecosystems, wetland ecosystems (between aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems), etc.; Terrestrial ecosystems include forest ecosystems, grassland ecosystems, desert ecosystems, ice sheet ecosystems, etc.

1.Forest ecosystem refers to the ecosystem composed of trees, including animals, plants, microorganisms, etc. Forests play an important role not only in storing water, but also in conserving water and soil.

2.Grassland ecosystems, grassland ecosystems are distributed in arid areas, and the annual precipitation is very small, resulting in a small variety of animals and plants.

Grassland ecosystems.

3.The marine ecosystem is composed of oceans and marine organisms, and there are many species of animals.

4.Freshwater ecosystems are made up of freshwater bodies such as rivers, lakes, or ponds, as well as freshwater organisms.

5.Wetland ecosystems are ecosystems formed under watery or overhumid conditions, and swamps are wetland ecosystems.

Wetland ecosystems.

6.Farmland ecosystem, artificially constructed crop-based ecosystem is farmland ecosystem.

7.The urban ecosystem, which is a relatively human-intensive ecosystem, and the main consumer, Kiriten, is also human.

EcosystemThere are many types, which can generally be divided into natural ecosystems and artificial ecosystems. Natural ecosystems can be further divided into aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems. Artificial ecosystems can be divided into farmland, cities and other ecosystems.

1. Natural ecosystems.

Natural ecosystems refer to relatively stable ecosystems that rely on natural regulation capacity within a certain range of time and space, such as primeval forests.

oceans, etc. Natural ecosystems provide food, wood, fuel, fibre and medicines as important components of socio-economic development.

2. Artificial ecosystems.

Artificial ecosystems refer to ecosystems that have been formed after human intervention and modification. It is determined by a virtuous cycle of human activities, natural ecology and socio-economic conditions. The role of human beings in the natural ecology is mainly manifested in the development and transformation of nature by human beings.

Functions of the ecosystem:

1. Energy flow.

Energy is transferred through the food chain and food web, and solar energy is the energy of all life activities**. It does this through the photosynthesis of green plants.

into the ecosystem and then from greenery to various consumers. In ecosystems, the close connection between organisms and the environment, between organisms and organisms, can be achieved through the flow of energy.

2. Material circulation.

The energy flow of ecosystems drives the movement of various substances in the biome.

Cycle through inorganic environments.

3. Information transmission.

Information can also regulate the interspecific relationships of organisms to maintain the stability of ecosystems. The information of ecosystems is divided into physical information, chemical information, and behavioral information.

Ecosystems include forest ecosystems, grassland ecosystems, desert ecosystems, wetland ecosystems, marine ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems, urban ecosystems, farmland ecosystems, etc.

Ecosystem is the abbreviation of ecosystem, which refers to a unified whole composed of organisms and the environment in a certain space in nature, in which the organisms and the environment influence and restrict each other, and are in a relatively stable state of dynamic equilibrium in a certain period of time. The scope of ecosystems can be large or small, intertwined, and the solar system is an ecosystem, and the sun is like an engine that continuously provides energy to the solar system. Earth's largest ecosystem is the biosphere; The most complex ecosystems are tropical rainforest ecosystems, where humans mainly live in artificial ecosystems dominated by cities and farmland.

The ecosystem is an open system, and in order to maintain its own stability, the ecosystem needs to not cut off the input energy, otherwise there is a danger of collapse; The carbon cycle is closely related to the global warming effect, and the ecosystem is a major structural and functional unit in the field of ecology, which belongs to the highest level of ecological research.

Ecosystems can be divided into two categories: natural ecosystems and artificial ecosystems.

Natural ecosystems can be further divided into aquatic ecosystems and terrestrial ecosystems. Water ecosystems can be further divided into marine ecosystems, freshwater ecosystems, etc., and the more familiar ones are freshwater ecosystems, such as pond ecosystems.

However, with the development of industry and agriculture, human beings have gradually realized the importance of the ocean, marine ecology has developed rapidly, and the marine ecosystem has also received the attention of human beings. Scientists have conducted many studies on marine ecosystems, such as micro- and ultra-microplankton research, new marine productivity, and biological chains and food webs in marine ecosystems.

Terrestrial ecosystems include forest ecosystems, grassland ecosystems, desert ecosystems, tundra ecosystems, etc., and we are more familiar with grassland ecosystems and forest ecosystems.

Artificial ecosystems can be divided into farmland ecosystems, plantation ecosystems, orchard ecosystems, urban ecosystems, etc. In modern times, the global forest disappearance has gradually intensified, and the vigorous development of planted forests has become a key measure to restore forest growth and offset forest depletion. In the development of global plantations, China's plantations are growing the fastest, ranking first in the world.

How the ecosystem works

Producers (mainly green plants) use photosynthesis to fix solar energy in the organic matter they make, so that it can be used by consumers (humans and other animals). Consumers use their metabolism to convert organic matter into inorganic substances (such as carbon dioxide, water, ammonia, etc.), which are excreted from the body and can be reused by producers.

Decomposers (bacteria, fungi) break down animal and plant remains and animal excreta into inorganic matter to maintain ecosystem balance. From the perspective of the operating principle of the ecosystem, producers, consumers and decomposers are closely linked and indispensable, and it is precisely because of the close connection between the components of the ecosystem that the ecosystem can become a whole.