Case study of Hoffman proportions, Hoffman s proportions of Hoffman s theorem

The Hoffmann ratio is a law proposed by Hoffmann in 1931 to explain the evolution of industrial structure in the industrialization process of a country or region. It illustrates that with the continuous development of the level of human social productivity, the rapid development of economy and culture, especially science and technology, the industrial structure is changing from the secondary industry to the tertiary industry, and the introduction of "intermediate demand" and "final demand"."concept.

Brief introduction. Hof-chi-man ratio (h'Net output value of the consumer goods industry Net output value of the capital goods industry.

In the process of industrialization, this rate has been declining. This is Hoffman's law.

Furman's law is one of the general laws of industrial structure change.

Stages of development of industrialization divided by Hoffman coefficients:

Industry plays an important role in the national economy, and its structural evolution also has an important impact on the stage of national or regional development.

In the 30s of the 20th century, the German economist Hoffmann proposed to divide the industrialization process into four stages according to the ratio of the net output value of consumer industry to the net output value of capital, and this ratio is the "Hoffmann coefficient", as shown in the following table.

In the first stage, the consumer industry dominated the year, and the capital industry was underdeveloped;

In the second stage, the scale of consumer industry is larger than that of capital industry, but the growth of capital industry is faster than that of consumer industry.

In the third stage, the capital industry grows faster than the consumer industry;

In the fourth stage, the scale of capital industry has surpassed that of consumer industry.

The higher the Hoffmann coefficient, the larger the proportion of consumer industry, and the lower the level of industrialization. The lower the Hoffmann coefficient, the smaller the proportion of consumer industry and the higher the level of industrialization.

The Hoffmann coefficient is suitable for the analysis of industrial structure in the early and middle stages of industrialization, and when industrialization develops to a higher stage, the Hoffmann coefficient generally tends to be stable. The division of consumer industry and capital industry in the Hoffman coefficient is similar to the division of light and heavy industry in China.

View answer analysis [Correct answer to the Hu shirt case] The German economist Hoffmann measures the degree of industrialization by the ratio of net output between the consumer means industry and the means of production industry in the trouser cavity manufacturing industry, which is called the Hoffmann ratio.

Answer Analysis] This question examines the Hoffman ratio. See textbook p300.

Knowledge points of this topic: The meaning of industrialization and the measurement index 298-301,

Hoffmann, in 1931, the German economist Hoffmann proposed in "Stages and Types of Industrialization". By analyzing the relationship between the proportion of industrial production of means of consumption and industrial production of capital means in the manufacturing industry, Hoffman obtains the Hoffman ratio:

Net output of the consumer goods industry.

Hoffman ratio = -

Net output value of the capital goods industry.

The Hoffmann ratio is a law proposed by Hoffmann in 1931 to explain the evolution of the industrial structure in the process of industrialization of a country or region. It clarifies that with the continuous development of the level of human social productivity, the rapid development of economy and culture, especially science and technology, the industrial structure is changing from the secondary industry to the tertiary industry, and introduces the concepts of "intermediate demand" and "final demand".

Hoffman ratio (h'Net output value of the consumer goods industry Net output value of the capital goods industry.

In the process of industrialization, this rate has been declining. This is Hoffman's law.

According to the change in Hoffmann's ratio, industrialization is divided into 4 stages: (a) h'= (6 4), consumer goods dominate in manufacturing, such as India. （b）h'=(, the production of capital goods has developed rapidly, but it is still lower than the production of consumer goods, such as Japan, the Netherlands, Canada, Australia.

c）h'=(, capital goods and consumer goods are basically the same, such as the United States, France, Germany. （d）h'Under 1. The scale of capital goods is greater than that of consumer goods, and such a country has not yet appeared.

Hoffman's law is one of the general laws of industrial structure change.

Hoffman Proportional Definition.

Hoffmann's theorem was proposed by Hoffmann in 1931 in his book "Types of Stages of Industrialization". It reveals the law of the evolution of the industrial structure in the process of industrialization of a country or region. Hoffman uses time-series data on the industrial structure of nearly 20 countries, focusing on the relationship between the proportion of the consumer and capital industries in the manufacturing industry, which is called the "Hoffman ratio" or "Hoffmann coefficient".

That is, Hoffmann ratio = net output value of the consumer goods industry Net output value of the capital goods industry.

The specific connotation of Hoffmann's proportions.

The core idea of Hoffman's theorem is that in the process of industrialization, the Hoffmann ratio shows a downward trend: in the first stage of industrialization, the production of the consumer means industry dominates the manufacturing industry, and the production of the capital means industry is underdeveloped, at this time, the Hoffman ratio is 5 (1); In the second stage, the capital capital industry develops faster than the consumer means industry, but it is still much smaller than the consumer goods industry. In the third stage, the scale of the consumer goods industry and the capital materials industry is roughly the same, and the Hoffman ratio is 1 ( ; In the fourth stage, the scale of the capital goods industry exceeded the scale of the consumer goods industry.

The changes shown in the title actually have two meanings:

First, with the continuous development of the level of human social productive forces and the rapid development of economy and culture, especially science and technology, the industrial structure is changing from the secondary industry to the tertiary industry.

Hoffman's study of the changes in the economic structure in the process of industrialization was carried out under the theoretical framework of the existence of only two sectors of the national economy: industry and agriculture, so he equated the rise and dominance of the proportion of the capital goods industry in industry with the increase in its proportion in the entire national economy and its becoming the leading industry of the national economy. The current revision is to add the service industry, that is, the tertiary industry, to the calculation.

Second, the concepts of "intermediate demand" and "final demand" are introduced, so that further analysis can be carried out in combination with Leontiev's input-output table and the theory of the relationship between consumption and investment demand.