What are the components of a torque converter? Analyze how it works and its characteristics.

The internal structure of the torque converter is the actual object.

1 First of all, the landlord needs to understand the role of the torque converter: The torque increasing effect of the torque converter is only available when there is a large speed difference between the pump wheel and the turbine.

The greater the speed difference, the greater the torque increase. (Remember it's the torque).

2. The concept of confusion among landlords: The role of speed and torque change of the transmission is realized by changing the transmission ratio. The pinion drives the big tooth.

Rotation of practice to increase the torque. The big gear drives the pinion to achieve variable speed. But there is no increase between them.

Total energy, but also the energy consumed. Therefore, the transmission can only achieve torque conversion. And the torque cannot be increased.

3. If there is no torque converter, the torque output of the engine is as much as it is. With the torque converter, the torque is multiplied by the introductory booster... So a torque converter is needed.

The fluid torque converter is composed of a pump wheel, a turbine and a guide wheel

Fluid torque converter is a hydraulic element composed of pump wheel, turbine and guide wheel, which is installed between the engine and the transmission, and uses hydraulic oil (ATF) as the working medium to transmit torque, torque change, speed change and clutch.

Hydraulic torque converter is a non-rigid torque converter with liquid as the working medium, which is one of the forms of hydraulic transmission. The picture shows the torque converter, which has a closed working chamber, in which the liquid circulates and flows, in which the pump wheel, turbine and guide wheel are connected to the input shaft, output shaft and housing respectively.

When the power engine (internal combustion engine, electric motor, etc.) drives the input shaft to rotate, the liquid flows out of the centrifugal pump in turn, passes through the turbine, the guide wheel and then returns to the pump wheel, and circulates repeatedly. The pump wheel transfers the mechanical energy from the input shaft to the liquid. The high-speed liquid pushes the turbine to rotate, transferring energy to the output shaft.

Torque converters transmit torque by the interaction of the liquid with the blades to produce a change in momentum moment. The main feature that a torque converter differs from a fluid coupling is that it has a fixed guide wheel.

The diversion effect of the guide wheel on the liquid makes the output torque of the torque converter higher or lower than the input torque, so it is called a torque converter. The ratio of output torque to input torque is called the torque conversion coefficient, and the zero-speed torque conversion coefficient when the output speed is zero is usually about 2 6, and the torque conversion coefficient decreases with the increase of the output speed.

The input shaft and the output shaft of the torque converter are connected by liquid, and there is no rigid connection between the working components, and the characteristics of the torque converter are that it can eliminate shock and vibration, and the overload protection performance and starting performance are good; The speed of the output shaft can be greater or less than that of the input shaft.

The speed difference between the two axes varies with the magnitude of the transmitted torque; It has good automatic speed transmission performance, and the output speed will automatically decrease when the load increases, and automatically rise on the contrary; Ensure that the power machine has a stable working area, and the transient change of load will not be reflected on the power machine.

The torque converter is mainly composed of: pump wheel, guide wheel and turbine, which is commonly referred to as "three elements". In addition, there are guide wheel seats, hood wheels, inlet pressure valves, outlet pressure valves, as well as hydraulic pumps to supply oil to the torque converter and coolers to cool the oil.

1) The torque converter is composed of a pump wheel, a turbine and a fixed guide wheel.

2) The torque converter can not only transmit the torque, but also change the torque, that is, with the change of the speed of the turbine, the turbine can output different torques (i.e., change the torque) under the condition that the torque is unchanged.

When the torque converter works, the shell is filled with hydraulic oil, the engine drives the shell to rotate, the shell drives the pump wheel to rotate, and the hydraulic oil between the pump wheel blades flows from the inner edge to the outer edge under the action of centrifugal force. When the speed of the pump wheel is greater than the speed of the turbine, the hydraulic pressure of the outer edge of the pump wheel blade is greater than the hydraulic pressure of the outer edge of the turbine, and the oil flows to the turbine by the pump wheel in turn under the effect of the above-mentioned pressure difference while making a circular motion around the axis of the pump wheel. The pump wheel rotates clockwise, and the oil will drive the turbine to rotate in the same clockwise direction.

If the turbine is stationary or the speed of the turbine is much smaller than that of the pump wheel, the kinetic energy transferred by the liquid to the turbine is very small, and most of the energy is lost during the return of the oil from the turbine to the pump wheel, i.e., the circumferential velocity and kinetic energy of the oil gradually decrease as it flows from the outer edge of the turbine blade to the inner edge. When the oil returns to the pump wheel, the pump wheel does work on the oil, so that the kinetic energy and circumferential velocity gradually increase during the flow from the inner edge of the pump wheel blade to the outer edge, and then flow to the turbine.

1.Torque amplification characteristics.

2.Coupling operating characteristics.

When the turbine speed increases to 90% of the pump wheel speed, the liquid flow from the turbine just rushes the guide wheel along the direction of the guide wheel outlet, because the direction of the liquid flow through the guide wheel is unchanged, so the guide wheel torque MD is zero, that is, the turbine torque is equal to the pump wheel torque, MW=MB, and is in the coupling working state.

The common one-way clutch has two structural forms: wedge type and roller type.

3.Stall characteristics.

The stall state of the torque converter refers to the phenomenon that the turbine stops rotating due to excessive load, but the pump wheel still keeps rotating, at this time, the torque converter only has power input and no output, and all the input energy is converted into heat energy, so the oil temperature in the torque converter rises sharply, which will cause serious harm to the torque converter. The stall speed refers to the input speed of the torque converter when the turbine stops rotating, and the magnitude of the speed depends on the engine torque, the size of the torque converter and the blade angle of the guide wheel and turbine.

4.Locking characteristics.

Torque converter with lock-up clutch can improve transmission efficiency and economy; It can realize two working conditions: hydraulic torque converter transmission and mechanical direct transmission, and combine the advantages of the two into one.

The loader has an instantaneous thrust of up to 50 tons, and in addition to the powerful engine, it is also a key part.

1.Torque converter: A torque converter is a hydraulic component consisting of a pump wheel, a turbine, and a guide wheel. It is installed between the engine and the transmission, and uses hydraulic oil as the working medium to play the role of transmitting torque, variable torque, variable speed and clutch.

2.The pump wheel is a working wheel on the transmission shaft connected to the motor shaft. Its role is to convert the input mechanical work into the kinetic energy of the working liquid, which is equivalent to the impeller of a centrifugal pump.

3.A turbine is a fan in a car or aircraft engine. Exhaust gases are used to blow fuel vapors into the engine to improve the performance of the engine.

A turbine is a rotational power machine that converts the energy of a flowing working medium into mechanical work. It is one of the main components of aero engines, gas turbines, and steam turbines.

It is the guide wheel that plays a role in torque conversion. The pump wheel is connected with the driving shaft, and the mechanical energy input from the driving shaft can be converted into the kinetic energy and pressure head of the liquid by the action of centrifugal force for the turbine to do work. The turbine is connected to the driven shaft, and the kinetic energy of the liquid and the energy contained in the indenter can be output from the driven shaft.

The turbine is the driven element of the hydraulic torque converter, which is connected to the input shaft of the planetary gear transmission through a spline, absorbs kinetic energy from the moving liquid and converts the kinetic energy into rotational kinetic energy. Like a pump wheel, a turbine is equipped with many blades.

There are more turbine blades than pump blades to improve transmission efficiency. The turbine blades are bent in the opposite direction to the pump wheel blades, i.e., all the blades are bent forward relative to the direction of clockwise turning.

The turbine blades are placed opposite the pump wheel blades, with a small gap in between. Between the pump wheel and the turbine, the direction of the oil flow changes abruptly to reduce vibration losses.

Cars are a must-have tool for everyone to get around. Of course, automotive knowledge is essential. In order to make it easier for everyone to understand these knowledge, today Bian Xiao will introduce to you the question of what the hydraulic torque converter is composed of. If you are interested, it may be helpful to you.

A torque converter is a hydraulic component consisting of a pump wheel, a turbine and a guide wheel. It is installed between the engine and the gearbox, and uses hydraulic oil (ATF) as the working medium, which plays the role of transmitting torque, changing torque, shifting and clutching. Hydraulic torque converter is a kind of non-rigid torque converter with liquid as the working medium, which is one of the forms of hydraulic transmission.

The picture shows the torque converter, which has a closed working chamber, in which the liquid circulates in the working chamber, in which the pump wheel, turbine and guide wheel are connected with the input shaft, output shaft and housing respectively. When the power engine (internal combustion engine, electric motor, etc.) The input shaft is driven to rotate, and the liquid flows out of the centrifugal pump in turn, passing through the turbine and the guide wheel in turn, and then back to the pump wheel, circulating and flowing, and the cycle repeats.

The pump wheel transfers the mechanical energy from the input shaft to the liquid. The liquid pushes the turbine to rotate at high speed, transferring energy to the output shaft. 1.

Good automatic adaptabilityAccording to the driving resistance of the machine or other working resistance, the torque converter can automatically and infinitely change the speed and torque within the necessary range. 2.Extend the service life of the machine.

Since the working medium of the torque converter is liquid, it has the effect of vibration damping, which can greatly reduce the dynamic load caused by the transmission system. 3.Improve the passing performance of the machine.

The hydraulic transmission machinery has good and stable low-speed performance, which can increase the adhesion between the machine and the ground. 4.Improve the comfort of the machine.

After adopting hydraulic transmission, the start is smooth, and the continuous speed change in a wide range can shorten the gear shift, absorb and shorten the vibration and shock. 5.Simplify the operation of the machine.

Since the torque converter itself is a continuously variable automatic transmission, the power range of the prime mover is expanded, and the number of gears of the gearbox can be shortened.