Conditions for the formation of ore causes

How are the ores in the ground formed?

We know that the earth is made up of many chemical elements, so the minerals buried in the ground are the compounds of these elements. For example, a chlorine atom and a sodium atom are combined to form the table salt we eat. However, of course, it is impossible to find a combination of these elements by yourself, but with the help of water and fire, you can synthesize various minerals.

Water washes many elements over a long period of time, dissolves them in water, and then sends them into rivers, into the oceans, and finally settles on the seabed, where many minerals are synthesized.

Fire is a high temperature of more than 1000 meters below the ground, which melts the rock into magma, flows slowly underground, and constantly collects various elements on the way, once it erupts, or it still can't find an outlet for a long time to erupt, it will slowly cool and harden. During the cooling process, the elements inside seep into the crevices of the surrounding rocks, forming various minerals with other elements.

In addition, water and fire sometimes work together, and with the help of pressure, various elements are combined to form minerals, such as coal and oil.

All kinds of ores are formed under certain conditions: some are formed during magmatic activity, and some are formed in processes such as rock weathering and sedimentation.

Summary. How ores are formed: All kinds of ores are formed under certain conditions: some are formed during magmatic activity, and some are formed in the process of rock weathering and sedimentation.

How do ores form the void zone: all kinds of ores are formed under certain conditions: some are formed in the process of poor magmatic activity, and some are formed in the process of rock weathering and sedimentation.

Minerals are homogeneous solids with specific chemical composition and internal crystalline structure formed by chemical elements in nature under certain physical and chemical conditions, and are the basis for forming rocks. Its chemical composition is certain and can be expressed by chemical formula, for example, the chemical composition of rock salt is sodium chloride and the chemical formula is NaCl. The minerals in the earth's crust are formed through various geological processes.

Laboratories have been able to produce certain mineral crystals, such as artificial crystals, artificial diamonds, etc., but these artificial creations are not minerals. There are about 3,300 known minerals in the natural loss world, and in recent years, new minerals have been discovered with the study of minerals in lunar rocks, meteorites, and mantle rocks. The vast majority of natural minerals are crystals, and the particles of the substances (atoms, ions, ionic clusters or molecules, etc.) that compose them are distributed in space according to the laws of lattice structure.

Each smallest unit that represents the entire structural law is called a unit cell. A crystal is a solid with internal particles arranged in a periodic and repeated arrangement in three-dimensional space, that is, a crystal is a solid with a lattice-like structure.

Mine rocks can be divided into three categories according to the reasons for their formation:

1.Igneous rocks: rocks formed by the cooling and crystallization of liquid or semi-solid magma under the surface of the cloth when volcanic eruptions or magma intrude into the strata, such as granite, basalt, andesite, etc.

2.Sedimentary rocks: rocks formed by clastic sediments or organic matter formed by the deposition of water, oceans or lakes, such as conglomerate, mudstone, limestone, coal, etc., formed by the grinding, weathering and erosion of the original rock.

3.Variable fractured rock: a rock formed by the physical and chemical changes of the original rock under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure, chemical action, etc., such as slate, gneiss, marble, quartzite, etc.

Mine rocks can be divided into three categories according to the reasons for their formation:

1.Volcanic rock: A rock formed by the eruption and accumulation of volcanic material on the surface or underground. For example, basalt, etc.

2.Sedimentary rock: A rock formed by the deposition and compaction of various substances under the action of a moving medium such as water or wind. For example, sandstone, mudstone, etc.

3.Plutonic rocks: Rocks formed by high temperature and high pressure in the interior of the earth, most of which are located in the crust-mantle transition zone and mantle between the lower and upper mantle of the earth's crust. For example, granite, gneiss, etc.

In the process of metallogenic formation, a variety of complex geological phenomena have been formed, and the mystery of the metallogenic process can be solved through the first understanding of these geological phenomena. The classification of metallogenic processes can be divided into the following categories, namely, metallogenic processes related to weathering and sedimentation, metallogenic processes related to magmatism, metallogenic processes related to hydrothermal processes, and metallogenic processes related to metamorphism.

1. The metallogenic process related to weathering and sedimentation forms various sedimentary deposits, and the minerals involved mainly include iron, manganese, aluminum, phosphorus and potash.

Minerals such as rock salt, coal, and oil shale.

2. The mineralization process related to magmatism can be divided into volcanic eruptions.

There are two major categories related to magmatic intrusion, among which the mineralization processes related to volcanic eruptions are mainly divided into marine volcanic mineralization and terrestrial volcanic mineralization. The mineralization process associated with magmatic intrusion refers to magma crystallization differentiation or.

Various types of deposits formed directly from the magmatic melt during the melting process, including ultramafic chromite deposits, mafic ultramafic copper-nickel sulfide deposits, vanadium titanomagnetite deposits, rare earth, rare and scattered ore deposits related to granite by-minerals, etc.

3. The metallogenic processes related to hydrothermal processes mainly include magmatic hydrothermal deposits. The hydrothermal mineralization related to magmatic intrusion occurs after the rock mass intrusion, and the ore-forming fluid forms agglomeration and precipitation mineralization. This is mainly related to the material differentiation during the cooling of magma.

The volatiles, mainly water, carry a large amount of dissolved salts and metallic elements.

It escapes from the magmatic system to form a hot water solution after the magmatic phase. The volatile phase is separated from the molten slurry being crystallized, and constitutes a complex system of gas phase (or aqueous solution phase) melt phase crystal phase differentiation in a high-temperature and high-pressure system. Including skarn-type deposits, porphyry deposits, medium-high temperature hydrothermal tungsten-tin ore, medium and low temperature hydrothermal gold ore, copper-lead-zinc ore.

4. The metallogenic processes related to metamorphism include "metamorphism", "becoming" and metamorphic hydrothermal mineralization. Metamorphic ore deposit refers to the original mineralization that has formed the ore body, and after metamorphism, the original mineral composition and spatial distribution characteristics of the ore body have been changed, such as marine jet sedimentary metamorphic iron ore; Turning into a deposit means that the original composition is not a deposit, but after regional metamorphism, an ore deposit is formed, such as graphite ore, talc, magnesite.

Wait; Metamorphic hydrothermal deposits refer to the main body of ore-forming fluids produced in the process of metamorphic dehydration, and the minerals are also likely to come from the surrounding rock strata, such as orogenic gold deposits are typical metamorphic hydrothermal deposits.

Cause: The rock weathers and is transported by fluids to a certain place, where the metal components are enriched and deposited. Deposits formed by magmatic eruptions or weathering and deposition of rocks, formed after metamorphism over a long geological period.

1. Ferrous metals: iron, chromium and manganese.

2. Non-ferrous metals: aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium, copper, lead, zinc, tin, cobalt, nickel, antimony, mercury, cadmium, bismuth, gold, silver, platinum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium, beryllium, lithium, rubidium, cesium, titanium.

3. Common metals: such as iron, aluminum, copper, zinc, etc.

4. Rare metals: such as zirconium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, etc.

5. Light metals: densities less than 4500 kg cubic meters, such as titanium, aluminum, magnesium, potassium, sodium, calcium, strontium, barium, etc.

Expand the information:

Metal mineral exploration is divided into three stages: regional survey, general survey and exploration according to the geological tasks undertaken.

1. Census stage:

In the metallogenic prospect area demarcated according to geological and geophysical prospecting methods, metal deposits are directly or indirectly searched and discovered by geophysical prospecting. The most commonly used mapping scale is :

25000 and 1: 10000. The commonly used geophysical prospecting methods for metal ore survey include aerial geophysical prospecting, ground magnetic method, electric method, gravity method, and ** method.

2. Regional test stage:

Study of deep and surface geological structures, structural zoning and metallogenic prospects. Drawings are usually made on a scale of less than 1:200,000.

The geophysical prospecting methods used in the area survey generally include the first method (natural**, artificial**), magnetic method, gravity method, magnetotelluric method and heat flow method.

3. Exploration stage:

The geophysical prospecting tasks at this stage are to explore the occurrence and scale of the ore body, trace the extension and downward extension of the known ore body along strike, study whether the ore bodies are connected to each other, delineate and discover the ore bodies that have been leaked in the boreholes, and discover the hidden ore bodies between the boreholes or tunnels. A commonly used charting scale is :

2000 or greater.

There are probably several situations: 1. Formation of magma eruption, 2. Weathering of rocks and being transported by fluids to a certain place, in which metal components are enriched and deposited and formed, 3. Deposits formed by magma eruptions or rock weathering and deposition, formed after metamorphism over a long geological period.

Iron ore is the earliest in the world, the most widely used, and the most used.

A metal that consumes it.

The specific amount accounts for about 95% of the total metal consumption. Iron ore is mainly used in the iron and steel industry to smelt pig iron (carbon content is generally more than 2%) and steel (carbon content is generally less than 2%) with different carbon content. Pig iron is usually divided into steelmaking pig iron, cast pig iron, and alloy pig iron according to different uses.

Steel is divided into carbon steel and alloy steel according to different components. Alloy steel is based on carbon steel, in order to improve or obtain certain properties and intentionally add an appropriate amount of one or more elements of steel, there are many types of elements added to the steel, mainly chromium, manganese, vanadium, titanium, nickel, molybdenum, silicon. In addition, iron ore is also used as a catalyst for the synthesis of ammonia (pure magnetite), natural mineral pigments (hematite, mirror ironite, limonite), feed additives (magnetite, hematite, limonite) and precious medicinal stones (magnetite), but the amount is very small.

Iron and steel products are widely used in all sectors of the national economy and all aspects of people's lives, and are the basic materials necessary for social production and public life. Since the invention of converter steelmaking in the mid-19th century and gradually formed the large-scale production of the iron and steel industry, steel has always been the most important structural material, occupies a very important position in the national economy, is an important pillar industry of social development, and is the most important and most widely used metal material in modern industry. Therefore, people often regard the output, variety, and quality of steel and steel as an important indicator to measure the level of development of a country's industry, agriculture, national defense, and science and technology.

Ores are formed under certain conditions, some are formed in the process of magmatic activity, and some are formed in the process of rock weathering and sedimentation. Ore refers to a collection of minerals from which useful components can be extracted or which have some usable properties. It can be divided into metallic minerals and non-metallic minerals.

The earth is made up of many chemically measured elements, so the minerals buried in the ground are the compounds of these elements. For example, a chlorine atom and a sodium atom combine to form the table salt we eat. However, of course, it is impossible to find a combination of these elements by yourself, but with the help of water and fire, you can synthesize various minerals.