How did the feudal forces of ancient China hinder the budding of capitalism?

From China's point of view, two centuries have passed from the budding of capitalism in the middle and late Ming Dynasty to the early Qing Dynasty, but the capitalist relations of production have always been in an embryonic state. The fundamental reason for the slow development of the budding capitalism is that the rotten feudal system seriously hinders the development of the budding capitalism.

This is mainly manifested in the following ways: First, the small-scale peasant economy under the feudal land ownership system restricts the development of new productive forces. The specific manifestations can be cited in two aspects, one is that the peasants are subjected to cruel feudal exploitation, extremely poor, and unable to buy goods from the market.

The second is that the owners and merchants will use the money they earn to build houses and buy land, which seriously affects the expansion and reproduction of handicrafts. Second, the feudal ** implemented policies such as emphasizing agriculture and suppressing commerce, which constrained the development of the budding capitalism. The specific performance can also be listed in two aspects:

The first is that the feudal state set up numerous checkpoints, imposed heavy taxes on goods, and strictly limited the scale of handicraft production. The second is that the feudal state implements a policy of seclusion, prohibiting overseas **, which affects the development of handicrafts. The budding capitalism developed slowly, and China gradually lagged behind the development of the world.

The serious impediments of the decaying feudal system are manifested in:

The peasants suffered from brutal feudal exploitation, were extremely poor, and could not afford to buy handicrafts from the market.

Landlords and merchants bought a large amount of land with the money they earned, which seriously affected the expansion and reproduction of handicrafts.

The feudal state set up numerous checkpoints, imposed heavy taxes on goods, and strictly limited the scale of handicraft production.

Qing ** implements a retreat policy, prohibiting or restricting overseas**.

ii The unfavorable conditions for the emergence of capitalism in China during the Ming and Qing dynasties:

The stubborn and closed nature of the natural economy has led to the narrowing of the domestic market.

In the absence of capital accumulation, it is difficult for the handicraft industry to expand reproduction.

The bondage of feudalism. There are many checkpoints, heavy taxes are imposed, and the development of industry and commerce is inhibited.

Turning to seclusion and self-containment, the formation of overseas commodity markets.

The influence of traditional concepts and customs, natural science and technology cannot bring about a qualitative change in the productive forces.

iii Death:

After the Opium War, the invasion of foreign capitalism destroyed the germ of Chinese capitalism and cut off the road to the independent development of Chinese capitalism.

1.Academically, a capitalist refers to a person who owns the means of production, uses wage labor, and extracts the surplus value created by the workers.

The capitalists emerged only after capitalism had sprouted and developed to a certain extent, because they used it"Employing labor", it was mainly the workers who were exploited by the workers, not the peasants who were exploited by the landlords. And landlords generally only have land.

2.Under the feudal system, from the labor aspect: the peasants were bound by the land and could not engage in other industries, which reduced the labor force.

On the market side: the natural economy of the feudal tradition, self-sufficient, greatly hindered the formation of a unified market. In terms of capital:

There is less competition, which makes the development of productivity slow. Ideological aspect: feudal thought"Emphasis on agriculture and suppression of business"It's obvious.

3."Is it because of the emergence of the commodity economy that the corresponding germ of capitalism is followed by output? "Yes.

The development of handicrafts was promoted by individual agriculture, and later the factory handicraft industry was formed, and capitalism gradually sprouted.

It can also be said to be"**"It gave impetus to the germination and rise of capitalism.

4.Capital: A mode of production or social system based on the appropriation of the means of production by capitalists and the exploitation of wage labor.

Feng: Under the feudal system, the land occupied by the landlord class was leased to the peasants, and the exploitation was carried out by the peasants.

5.The initial formation of capitalist relations of production, such as workshops, handicrafts, etc.

6.Definitions are different, see:"4."

The basic contradiction is different: feud - the broad masses of peasants vs the landlord class.

Capital-proletariat vs. bourgeoisie, socialized production vs. capitalist individual ownership of the means of production.

The characteristics are different: feudal - maintain feudal exploitation and hierarchy, and promote feudal morality (three outlines and five constants, three from four virtues.

Capital - Maintain the capitalist system.

1 Yes. 2 Capitalism in modern China developed on the basis of the germination within feudal society.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the handicraft industry in the Jiangnan region had developed to a certain extent, and the commercial state of Lu also began to flourish.

In the last years of the Qing Dynasty, the invasion of the Western powers and the demands of Chinese reform exacerbated the internal contradictions in Chinese society, and capitalism was able to grow and develop in this social context. It's good to close your mind.

3 The historical background of this capitalist development also determines the internal characteristics of its development, that is, it is influenced by both Western capitalism and Chinese feudal culture.

Therefore, the development of capitalism in modern China has its own unique historical and cultural background, which requires our in-depth study.

Said:

1) The imperialist powers' invasion of China on the one hand contributed to the disintegration of China's feudal society, the emergence of capitalist factors in China, and the transformation of a feudal society into a semi-feudal society; But on the other hand, they brutally ruled China, turning an independent China into a semi-colonial and colonial China.

2) The nature of modern Chinese society is a semi-colonial and semi-feudal society, which is a special transitional society, that is, China's national conditions. "A clear understanding of China's national conditions is the basic basis for clearly understanding all revolutionary problems" and "the most basic basis for resolving all revolutionary problems in China." The nature of modern Chinese society determines:

The main targets of the modern Chinese revolution were foreign imperialism and domestic feudalism. The main task is to oppose imperialism in order to gain national independence and to oppose the rule of the country's feudal and first-establishment doctrine in order to achieve the liberation of the people. The nature of the revolution is that of a bourgeois-democratic revolution.

The impetus of the revolution included the working class, the peasant class, the petty bourgeoisie and the national bourgeoisie.