How to learn structural design from scratch?

Structural sketch drawing 1Understand the principles of drawing large drawings, 2Refer to the large sample drawings drawn by the predecessors, the first two ** are to understand the goal, lay a good foundation, and focus on structural theory; Clause.

Third, the four kinds of ** are to solve the problem of structural calculation (overall calculation and local component calculation), focusing on structural safety; The latter three are how to use drawings to realize the idea of structural design and complete the function of existing buildings, focusing on the combination of theory and practice. <>

In China, it is not a panacea to rely on PKPM alone to win the world, but it is impossible to do PKPM! Although it has a lot of dark box operations, there are also many unreasonable places in the calculation approximation, such as the beam element is used instead of the shell element, which will lead to the deformation coordination of the beam and the wall at the boundary cannot be accurately divided by finite elements. <>

Familiar with the tasks and content of structural design, if your career plan is structural design, it is important to understand the depth of civil building structural design, at least to know the different design content of different stages of structural design, so that you can be targeted and have a clear idea. If you don't even have the minimum design content, there is a lack of a point here or a little leakage there, and it is difficult not to be beaten back by the drawing review office!

The understanding of the content is fundamental. It is related to the designer's own experience and experience, the more people and industries he has contacted, and the more cases he has done, the better his grasp of the content will be. Communicating with customers is to grasp the scope of design content, new people who are new to design, in the communication stage with customers, it is easy to only listen to what customers say, carefully note down the requirements and go back to design.

Solid basic knowledge of structural theory, material mechanics, structural mechanics, concrete design principles, seismic design of engineering structures, soil mechanics and foundation foundations, etc., which are closely related to structural design, must be paid attention to. A real master must have the quality of combining theory and practice, but if these theories are not up to the mark, how can we talk about the combination of theory and practice?

Novices must not only be able to calculate, but also hand calculations. The big design institute emphasizes this point! The process of hand calculation can not only deepen your understanding of structural force analysis, but also have an in-depth understanding of some of its applicable conditions, which is one of the important abilities to analyze and judge whether the calculation results of structural components are reasonable in the future!

Construction drawing design and drawing, 1The key points of construction drawing review should include the following main contents: 1) Whether it conforms to the mandatory provisions of engineering construction standards and other relevant mandatory standards for engineering construction.

2) Whether the foundation and structural design are safe. 3) Whether it is in the public interest. 4) Whether the construction drawings meet the specified design depth requirements.

Powerful construction drawing software, Structural Explorer (TSSD) + TENGEN Architecture + TENGEN Structure + Express (layer manager plug-in) Many years ago, a classmate of mine who was engaged in software research and development once said that 20% of the functions of the software are used by 80% of the people, and 80% of the functions are used by 20% of the people, but less than 5% of the people who really use the 20% well.

The major of architectural structure mainly cultivates the mastery of engineering mechanics.

The basic theories and basic knowledge of soil mechanics, building architecture and structural engineering, and the ability to engage in the design, research and development, construction and management of civil engineering structures.

Main course: Theoretical Mechanics.

Mechanics of Materials, Structural Mechanics.

Building Physics, Surveying, Civil Engineering Materials, Soil Mechanics, Engineering Geology, Foundation Engineering, Principles of Design of Concrete Structures, Principles of Design of Steel Structures, Building Architecture, Civil Engineering Construction, Introduction to Nuclear Architecture, Architectural Drawing and Drawing.

The learning process of building construction is shown as follows:

When the foundation of the cup mouth is constructed, the prefabrication of the column should be considered. The side column is not on the axis, it is to be biased by 500, the reason is that the wind-resistant column is not directly below the roof truss, and the general column prefabrication is three stacks, the reason is that the expenditure of the ground fetal membrane is omitted. Isn't the amortization of the cost of the fetal membrane smaller?

The answer is: if you stack four of them, <>

Generally, the size of the small surface of the prefabricated column is 400 500, how high is the stacked four? It is nearly 2 meters, and it is inconvenient to pour concrete, so it is necessary to erect a shelf. The column should pay attention to the embedded parts, and the embedded parts of the general plant columns are:

Inter-column support embedded parts, embedded parts on the corbel surface, crane girder connecting knife plate embedded parts, and crane girder walkway plate embedded parts, etc.

Precautions and operation points for prefabricated column hoisting: column hoisting generally adopts a little hole hoisting, hoisting method adopts rotation method, after rotating to the position, vertical lifting, when the column foot surface is about 200mm above the top of the cup, then rotate the boom to the top of the cup mouth, the operator holds the column to align the cup mouth, and then slowly puts the rope, when the column foot is close to the bottom of the cup (about 3 5cm), brake the car, and align the bottom axis.

Insert 8 wedges on four sides, two on each side, tap with a sledgehammer, first on the middle line of the small surface and then on the axis of the large surface, fall to the bottom of the cup, and hammer firmly, at any time with a hard stone to the column foot to die, each side of the card two points and stuck to the bottom of the cup, to ensure the accuracy of the plane position, and then use the sledgehammer to lightly hit, with the latitude and longitude to adjust the verticality on the size of the surface, and with the hammer gradually firm.

When the column plane position and verticality are corrected, pour C25 fine stone concrete in time, remove the debris in the joint before pouring, and water warmly, when there is a large gap at the bottom of the cup, the thin cement slurry should be poured first, and then the fine stone concrete is poured after filling the gap. The grouting is carried out in two times, the first time is poured to the bottom of the wedge, and the steel bar is vibrated and compacted, and the concrete strength reaches 25% of the design strength.

Knock off the steel wedge and fill it with fine stone concrete. Note that the wedge shall not be touched when the concrete is vibrated for the first time, so as to avoid affecting the verticality of the column, the quality of the column installation directly affects the connection of other components such as roof truss, so the column must be basically corrected, such as due to the correction of the verticality affecting the plane position, the "reverse deduction method" should be used to correct, assuming that the column is left, it needs to be moved to the right, first enlarge the hammer in the gap between the left cup mouth and the column, if the column foot is stuck with the stone, the right stone must be pulled away, and then the hard stone is stuck on the right cup mouth, and the wedge is knocked at the limb cup mouth, In order to reduce the knocking resistance, the back wedge can be appropriately loosened, and then a small steel wedge is placed on the front to beat, and the warp and weft are monitored with low warp and weft.

Point 1: You must be familiar with PKPM modeling and understand all the parameters (SATWE's parameter settings, etc.). Learn to debug (buy this PKPM from beginner to proficient, it will be a lifesaver for you)...

The second point: the things that come out of pkpm are not intelligent, so you need to learn to judge whether the things that come out are correct, when you start to search Yuanran, you definitely don't know how to judge at first, and you use what you have learned, ask your master more, and take your time. Don't get upset.

If nothing else, if the design institute staff is cold to you, and you don't have perseverance. You'll want to leave in less than a month. So don't be impetuous.

The third point: Structural Mechanics is very important, you just start learning so you know how to analyze the force transmission of the structure, PKPM will calculate the overall structure for you.

Principles of Concrete Structure Design "Design Principles" design involves this a lot, for beginners, you do not master enough, not to mention the need to be very skilled in hand calculation, at least you have to know what needs to be done by hand, you can find examples in the book, and then gradually master the calculation ability and analysis ability according to the example problems. Just getting started don't look at shear walls, high-rise and the like. Understand the frame first, and then go deeper slowly, you can't understand the shear wall and cylinder now.

Fourth: "Seismic Design", which you mainly know about the concept of seismic resistance, you must at least know some conceptual parameters of seismic calculation. At the very least, you need to know what physical parameters control the seismic resistance.

Fifth: "Specification" As you said, there are many things in architecture, but they can all be classified. You don't need to know too much when you just go, let's start with what things are in a small house (although the sparrow is small, it has all kinds of organs).

At the beginning of learning, load codes, concrete codes, seismic codes, foundation codes, masonry collapse codes, etc., you should take a look at more, just start to look at the construction of things, and then go deeper.

<>Teach You Architectural Structure Design" is a book published by China Architecture Industry Press in 2009, and the author is Sun Hailin. The following is an introduction to the main content of building structure design brought by Zhongda Consulting for your reference.

Book introduction: "Hand in hand to teach you architectural structure design" is the author of many years of knowledge and experience in architectural structure design work summary, truly achieved the "hand in hand with the town of Sui" to teach, in this high-speed development and quick success in the society to read such a painstaking book, is really a great fortune in this life. Of course, reading such an essence of the book can not be like reading ** at a glance, one a day, in order to fully learn all the experience and knowledge taught by this "master" and extend, it is necessary for readers to study every chapter of the author, and even every sentence, combined with the usual design work, while reading to trace back to the source, follow the author to consult the relevant atlases, specifications, manuals, it is best to combine the knowledge learned by the travel and transportation and the daily design project to make some summary notes, truly do" "Hand in hand" learning, strive to step by step, steady and rapid grasp of the essence of architectural Peibu structural design.

The second edition of "Step-by-Step Architectural Structural Design" was published in June 2014, updating the code provisions and related reference content.

"Teach you the design of building structures" is an introductory guide for structural engineers, which is mainly divided into three parts, preparation, calculation and construction drawing. The preparation section mainly explains how to read construction drawings, AutoCAD applications and auxiliary software such as Excel, TSSD, and Lizheng. The calculation section mainly introduces the process of structural calculation and analysis, explains PMCAD modeling and SATWE overall calculation, etc.

The construction drawing chapter shows the whole process of construction drawing for readers, mainly including drawing regulations, technical unification measures, structural foundation, structural plan, plate reinforcement drawing and structural details.

This book is suitable for "novices" who are just engaged in structural design, senior undergraduate and graduate students majoring in structural engineering, and can also be used as a reference for other structural engineers.

1.Read the following books several times: Theoretical Mechanics, Mechanics of Materials, Structural Mechanics, Elastic Mechanics, Elastic Mechanics. Structural mechanics is particularly important.

2.Then read the professional books: Concrete Theory Structural Design of Tall Buildings.

3.Looking at the specifications, the main ones are: concrete specifications, foundation specifications, high-rise design regulations, and seismic specifications.

4.To learn PKPM structural design software, you can go down to pirated copies on the Internet and buy a PKPM parameter manual.

5.Find a small point of the project, follow someone else's drawing, lay out the structure into the PKPM, practice the operation and software calculations.

6.Buy some professional tutorial books, go to some professional structural design forums, and communicate with people.

The general steps of structural design are as follows:

1.The initial structural plan is generally agreed between the chief structural engineer and the architectural designer.

2.To do the preliminary design, the structural designer arranges the structural dimensions of the main components such as beams, plates, columns and so on according to the preliminary design drawings of the building, and tries to calculate in the PKPM, and basically meets the indicators required by the specification, and then produces the preliminary design drawings.

3.Do the construction drawing design, build the model in the PKM according to the architectural drawings provided by the building, arrange the beams, slabs and columns, and start drawing the construction drawings after the calculation is passed.

4.Some places need to be hand-calculated, such as cantilevered cornices, cantilevered awnings, parapets, retaining walls or individual.

There is a book "Architectural Structure Design Quick Start and Improvement", which is said to be very good, very concisely written, and very helpful for novices.

Generally, the courtyard will let you start with the staircase, give you a staircase from design to drawing, and familiarize yourself with the whole process and calculation. Because the staircase is equivalent to a shrunken building, beams, slabs, columns, foundations, all have it, it can be said: although the sparrow is small, it has all kinds of organs.

These are the basic processes of structural design. You'll be able to make stairs, and other buildings will be able to get started. ps:

It's a hand count.

You can learn architectural design with zero foundation. But architecture is a profession like medicine, when you study everything, you often use only a little bit when you use it.

Architectural design, undergraduate major, five years, in fact, there are only two parts to study, one part is drawing, and the other part is specification. Only those who have learned very, very well can talk about "design". Just like studying car design, there are a lot of people who can really do car design, and there are only a few hundred people in the world.

When studying architectural design, the so-called drawing is a floor plan, an elevation, a section, and a rendering. That's all there is to it. The first three things, flat and vertical sections, have only one requirement, that is, they are matched.

As long as the drawings you draw are flat and vertical and match each other, you are qualified. If there is something inappropriate in the diagram you draw, and someone proposes it, you can change it, and the finished diagram can still match the flat section, just do it. It's easy to say, but it's tedious to do.

That's what most of the people in the design institute do.

In the drawing, the most troublesome thing is the renderings, because customers often only look at the renderings, so the renderings are very, very important. The matter of renderings has now become a separate discipline in its own right. There are static renderings, there are dynamic architectural animations, you can learn specifically.

Playing with the renderings is a separate circle.

When studying architectural design, there is another big category, which is the problem of standardization. Just like a lawyer studying legal provisions, one by one, they are all stipulated, and they must comply with the norms. China's "Encyclopedia of Current Architectural Design Specifications", the full text has 5.61 million words, it is difficult to read through it, and it is easy to master it systematically.