Transport of water in plants and organisms

Turn red. Vein.

Xylem. The catheters are responsible for transporting water.

The color of the leaves turns red.

It is concentrated in the veins (stems) of the leaves.

Mainly concentrated in the woody part of the stem, because the ducts in the woody part of the stem transport water.

1, reddening 2, leaf veins.

3. Xylem.

Because the catheter is responsible for transporting water.

The transport of water in the body of the plant state is as follows: water absorption by the root apical root hair zone (mature zone) Root hair zone ducts Root ducts Stem ducts Stems ducts Ducts of stems at all levels Petiole ductsVein. Mesophyll cells are stomata.

Water moleculesThe ways to enter and exit the cells are:

Free proliferation and assisted proliferation.

Both are free diffusion and assisted diffusion that do not require energy and do not require carrier proteins.

relies on the cell membrane for assistance.

The difference between the concentration of internal and external problems, from high concentration to low concentration, is mainly the transfer mode of some small molecules.

Water (with the chemical formula H2O) is the most abundant molecule on the Earth's surface, and in addition to being present in the atmosphere in the form of gases, its liquid and solid forms occupy 70-75% of the Earth's components.

Pathways of water transport in the body of the dry sail plant: soil solution, root hair cells, layers of cells within the root epidermis, ducts of roots, ducts of stems, ducts of leaves, flowers, fruits, and seeds, air decay holes, atmosphere.

Plants mainly rely on roots to absorb water, and the roots are suitable for sucking sail hail water characteristics: the main part of root water absorption is the mature area of the root tip, and the mature area has a large number of root hairs. A large number of root hairs can increase the area of water absorption.

The effect of water in the plant body on the plant body is mainly reflected in the following aspects:

First, participate in the composition of plant bodies. There is a lot of water in the plant body, and water is the building block of the plant body.

Second, plant photosynthesis raw materials. Water and carbon dioxide are synthesized into organic matter.

3. Participate in the transportation of materials. Inorganic salts, etc., which are needed by plants, can only be transported if they are dissolved in water.

Fourth, reduce the temperature of the plant body, plant transpiration can reduce the temperature of the leaves and prevent burns.

The transport pathway of water absorbed by the plant can be summarized as the water in the soil Root hair cells Intrarhizophrenic ducts Intrastem ducts The various parts of the plant body.

Only a small part of the water absorbed by the plant body is used for photosynthesis.

and other life activities, most of which are used for transpiration.

Water absorption by plants

The main part of the root that can absorb water is the root tip, and the mature area of the root tip is the area where water absorption is most active. The mature zone, also known as the root hair zone, has a large number of root hairs, which increases the surface area for water absorption.

There is a well-developed transport tissue on the side of the mature zone, which is conducive to the transport of water. The cell wall of a root hair cell.

The exterior is composed of pectin, which has a strong viscosity and strong hydrophilic ability, which is conducive to water adsorption and absorption.

The ducts are located in the xylem of the stem. The cells of the duct are tubular, cytoplasmic.

and the nucleus disappears, as does the cell wall between the upper and lower cells, forming a hollow tube. The water absorbed by the roots is transported upward through the ducts to the stems, leaves, and other organs. At the same time, inorganic salts dissolved in water.

It is also transported with water to various parts of the plant body.

Water is absorbed by the plant body, roughly need to go through the following stages: first water from the soil solution into the roots, and then through the root hair cells into the mature area of the duct, because the duct in the root and the duct in the stem communicate, the water from the root duct into the stem duct, and then by the stem duct upward transport to the leaves, flowers, fruits, etc., for the plant body to carry out various life activities.

The transport pathways of water in plants are: root hairs, root cortex, endothelium, root xylem ducts, stem xylem ducts, leaf vein ducts, mesophyll cells, stomata or cuticle, and finally lost to the atmosphere. The transport pathway of water in the plant is made up of xylem ducts made up of dead cells, and living cells.

There are two types of transport of water in plants: radial transport and axial bend pat transport. Radial transport refers to the transport of water from the soil solution to the xylem ducts, and axial transport refers to the transport of water up the xylem ducts to the top of the plant.

There are two main pipes that transport water in a plant: a duct and a screen. The ducts are located in the xylem and transport water and inorganic salts in a bottom-up direction, and the sieve tubes are located in the phloem and transport organic matter in a top-down direction.

The plant mainly relies on the roots to absorb water, and the main part of the root water absorption is the mature area of the root tip, where there are a large number of root hairs, which can increase the area of absorbing quickly buried water.

1.Root uptake and transport (main pathway).

The cells on the root hairs in the root system absorb water from the soil to the root hair cells through osmosis. Then, water is transferred to the root duct tissue of the plant through the osmotic pressure difference between cells, and the water is transported to the aboveground organs of the plant through the duct (the duct is a non-cellular tissue, and the transpiration tension formed by the transpiration of the aboveground leaves makes the water in the duct transport to the aboveground direction).

1.Cellular uptake by aboveground parts of plants (secondary pathway).

When the guard cells on plant leaves are opened, a small amount of atmospheric water vapor is absorbed into the plant tissues, which is the secondary water transport pathway of the plant, mainly acting on the epidermal cells.

Answer]: Water can be transported in plants through apoplast and coplastic pathways. The route of transportation is:

Soil, root hairs, cortex, endothelium, potato sheath, tubular duct or tracheidal of root, duct of stem, petiole duct, leaf vein duct, mesophyll cell, leaf cell space, substomatal cavity, stomata Lead feast atmosphere. The driving force for the rise of water in the duct or tracheid is root pressure and transpiration pull, and transpiration pull is the main force. Because the cohesion between the water molecules and the number of excitation adsorption force between the water molecules and the catheter wall are much greater than the water column tension, the water column in the catheter is continuous and uninterrupted, which is the guarantee of the continuous rise of water.

Answer: 1. The driving force of water transport in the plant body is: transpiration and land calling.

2. Factors affecting the power of water storage in plants: opening and closing of stomata, temperature, and light.

Analysis: Transpiration.

Refers to water vapor. The process of dissipating the world macro into the atmosphere through the stomata. The opening and closing of the stomata directly affects the transpiration of moisture.

When the transpiration of plants evaporates the water in the body into the atmosphere in the form of water vapor, it is a "pump" principle, which provides an upward pull for the root to absorb water, and at the same time the inorganic salts dissolved in the water are also sold upwards to absorb and transport, and the power comes from the transpiration of the plant Secondly, transpiration can also improve the humidity of the atmosphere, increase precipitation It can also take away the heat in the plant body, reduce the temperature of the environment, so that the plant will not be roasted to death in the hot summer

So the answer is: transpiration.

Water is absorbed by the root hairs of the plant roots and transported by ducts to all organs throughout the body.