How do anaerobic microorganisms survive and what are the anaerobic organisms

In general, anaerobic respiration can be used for energy, and most of them are heterotrophic organisms that use ready-made organic matter.

Oxygen is not necessary for breathing, oxygen is reduced when there is oxygen, and other substances can be reduced when there is no oxygen, inorganic or organic matter, but the production capacity is less than that of aerobic.

What is breathed is only in the absence of oxygen, just as people in the air can only breathe in the absence of oxygen.

Parasitic in other organisms, such as roundworms.

Question 1: Biology: How many types of anaerobic organisms are there?

Where do you live? Most of those anaerobic organisms are low-level organisms, when there is no oxygen on the earth, many lives are anaerobic organisms, and then for some reason, water is electrolyzed, and oxygen appears, and those anaerobic organisms are extinct a lot, and only a few have adapted to it, such as methanogens and tetanus bacilli.

Question 2: What are the facultative anaerobic organisms Including intestinal bacteria, pathogenic bacteria, yeasts and some filamentous fungi of humans and many animals, etc., when aerobic, energy is obtained through oxidative phosphorylation; In the absence of oxygen, the cytochromes and other respiratory components of the thallium are reduced or lost, and energy is obtained through the fermentation pathway. Sacharomyces and Eschelia coli are typical facultative anaerobic microorganisms, and the former is an important industrial bacterium for the production of single-celled egg whites and alcohol. The latter is an important engineering bacterium in bioengineering research and a contamination indicator in hygienic examination.

Question 3: What are the commonly used anaerobic biological treatment processes The sewage anaerobic biological treatment process can be divided into anaerobic activated sludge method and anaerobic biofilm method according to the condensation form of microorganisms.

The anaerobic activated sludge method includes ordinary digester, anaerobic contact digester, upflow anaerobic sludge bed, anaerobic granular sludge expansion bed, etc.;

The anaerobic biofilm method consists of an anaerobic biological filter, an anaerobic fluidized bed, and an anaerobic biological carousel.

1) The production capacity of anaerobic respiration is less than that of aerobic parabiphonic respiration, but more than fermentation, which enables microorganisms to produce ATP through electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation in the absence of oxygen, so it is very important for many microorganisms.

2) A variety of substances other than oxygen can be used as final electron acceptors by various microorganisms, which fully reflects the diversity of microbial metabolism types.

Summary. The microorganisms in the anaerobic pool are mainly anaerobic respiration and metabolism types, and use inorganic substances such as ferrous oxide as electron acceptors to produce energy to maintain life activities.

The microorganisms in the anaerobic pool are mainly anaerobic respiration and metabolism types, and use inorganic substances such as ferrous oxide as electron acceptors to produce energy to maintain life activities.

Fellow, I really didn't understand, I can be more specific.

There are four main types of microbial metabolism in the anaerobic tank, namely lactic acid fermentation, methionine sulfate reduction, methane fermentation, and nitrate denitrification. Lactic acid fermentation can produce organic acids such as lactic acid and acetic acid, and most anaerobic digestion reactions need to be eliminated in this way to start. Sulfate Methionine reduction is the reduction of sulfate and methionine to sulfide and hydrogen, which is a common biological reaction, and Yeye Xiang Pi is an important part of the construction of an anaerobic digestive system.

Methane fermentation can reduce the hydrogen and carbon dioxide produced by organisms during the fermentation process to methane, and this metabolism is the main way to produce biogas. Nitrate denitrification can reduce nitrate to nitrogen, mainly for cases where there is a lot of nitrate in the wastewater.

Anaerobic microorganisms lack a complete respiratory enzyme system and use substances other than oxygen as hydrogen acceptors, and can only ferment in a low oxygen partial pressure or anaerobic environment. If there is free oxygen, not only can it not use molecular oxygen, but it will also be poisoned by it, and even die. This is because it metabolizes substances in an aerobic environment and often produces superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, both of which have a strong killing effect on it.

Anaerobic microorganisms cannot grow and reproduce due to the lack of catalase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase or respiratory enzymes with high redox potential, so they are affected by toxic oxygen groups when they are aerobic.

However, the degree of anaerobic nature varies from microorganism to microorganism.

(1) Lack of cytochrome enzymes and cytochrome oxidases. In the presence of oxygen, the substances in the medium are oxidized, and there are more substances that are converted into oxidized forms, which require enzymes with higher redox potential, such as cytochrome enzymes and cytochrome oxidases, to oxidize them. Anaerobic bacteria do not have these enzymes, cannot oxidize substances with high potential, and finally die due to lack of energy.

2) Lack of touch enzymes and catalases. When aerobic, bacterial growth is catalyzed by aerobic dehydrogenase, which produces hydrogen peroxide. It inhibits the breakdown of acetyl-CoA, thus hindering lipid metabolism in bacteria.

Anaerobic bacteria lack this enzyme and cannot decompose H<2>0 <2 >, resulting in metabolic termination and death.

3) Lack of superoxide dismutase. The end product of oxidative metabolism of some bacteria is superoxide free radical 0 <2>-, which has high oxidizing capacity and has a much greater toxic effect on bacteria than h <2>0 <2>, while anaerobic bacteria do not have this dismutase and cannot relieve its toxicity.

Therefore, it is called anaerobic, and it does not require oxygen.

Most organisms, such as humans, need oxygen because they need to oxidize and decompose the food they eat, releasing a large amount of energy to maintain the normal life activities of the organism and maintain body temperature.

Anaerobic organisms decompose organic matter such as sugars and proteins under anaerobic conditions, but release very little energy, so anaerobic organisms are generally smaller.

"Anaerobic" is prevalent in the biological world. Organisms that can perform aerobic respiration can breathe without aerobic respiration. People can survive for a short period of time under anaerobic conditions, such as diving without a breathing apparatus, but because there is less anaerobic respiration, people can't last long underwater.

Biologically speaking: aerobic respiration is carried out step by step, and the first step is anaerobic respiration.

Such as the first step of the breakdown of glucose:

Glucose --- pyruvate.

Anaerobic respiration) This process does not require oxygen and is carried out by both anaerobic and aerobic organisms.

I only know a few things about anaerobic bacteria :

There is no exact definition of anaerobes, but it is generally considered to be a class of bacteria that can only grow under low oxygen partial pressure conditions and cannot grow on the surface of a solid medium with air (18% oxygen) and/or 10 carbon dioxide concentrations. According to their tolerance to oxygen, they can be divided into obligate anaerobes, microaerophilic anaerobes and facultative anaerobes.

Anaerobic species: Bacteroides fragilis, preactiva pigmentogens and porphyromonas, urealytics, Fusobacterium nucleatum, anaerobic gram-negative bacilli, anaerobic gram-negative cocci, anaerobic gram-positive cocci, Clostridium perfringens, other Bacillus peritona, anaerobic gram-positive bacilli.

Hope it helps.

Under the condition of no oxygen, organisms can still oxidize the organic matter in the body to obtain the energy needed to maintain their own life activities, this type of metabolism is called anaerobic type, also called anaerobic respiration type such as tetanus bacillus and parasites parasitic in the body of animals (such as roundworms) and a few animals

In contrast to aerobic organisms (which require oxygen for assimilation and cannot survive without it), assimilation does not require oxygen and will die if oxygen is present.

There is also a type of organism called facultative oxygen, and assimilation can be carried out in both aerobic and anaerobic states.

My answer does not plagiarize any web pages. Purely my own opinion. You can judge for yourself whether the accuracy rate is high or not