Types of pathogenic microorganisms and what are the pathogenic microorganisms

At present, microbial technology has been widely used in various industries, and the reason is that there are many kinds of microorganisms in the environment, fast reproduction, wide distribution, easy to cultivate, and strong metabolic ability, so the extracted dominant strains are used to solve many difficult problems in production. As a class of organisms, microorganisms have their own unique characteristics: (1) There are many types.

According to statistics, there are more than 100,000 kinds of microorganisms that have been discovered, and different types of microorganisms have different metabolism methods and can decompose all kinds of organic substances. At present, both at home and abroad like to use microorganisms to prevent and control public pollution, that is, to use microorganisms to do their best, each to take what they need, and synergistically act on substances with complex structures. (2) Fast reproduction.

Under suitable conditions, E. coli can reproduce one generation in 20 30 min, and 72 generations in 24 hours, and the number of bacteria can reach 4....

There are many kinds of microorganisms, at least more than 100,000 species. According to its structure, chemical composition and living habits, it can be divided into three categories.

1. Eukaryotic cell-type microorganisms have a high degree of differentiation in the nucleus, including nuclear membrane, nucleolus and chromosomes; The cytoplasm contains intact organelles (such as endoplasmic reticulum, ribosomes, mitochondria, etc.). Fungi belong to this type of microorganisms.

2. Prokaryotic cell-type microorganisms have a low degree of nuclear differentiation, only protonucleoplasm, no nuclear membrane and nucleolus; The organelles are not very perfect. There are many types of microorganisms, including bacteria, spirochetes, mycoplasma, rickettsia, chlamydia, and actinomycetes.

3. Non-cellular microorganisms do not have a typical cell structure and no enzyme system to produce energy, and can only grow and reproduce in living cells. Viruses belong to this type of microorganisms.

Another classification of microorganisms is non-pathogenic microorganisms and pathogenic microorganisms.

Pathogenic microorganisms refer to microorganisms that can cause certain diseases in animals and plants, accounting for a small category, such as influenza viruses can cause influenza in humans and birds. In addition, some are conditionally pathogenic bacteria.

Most of them are non-pathogenic or even beneficial microorganisms, which are widely found in nature and on the surface of human mucous membranes.

Question 1: What are the pathogenic microorganisms 1. Bacterial Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Proteus 2. Mold Aflatoxin Zhaohu and Xanthotoxin.

Question 2: What are the microorganisms that cause disease??? There are many kinds of pathogenic microorganisms, for example, the bacteria are more commonly said to be Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Shigella, pathogenic Escherichia coli, hemolytic streptococcus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, and Listeria monocytogenes; There are some molds and yeasts in the fungus; The virus is much better, and the often said SASR virus, influenza A virus H1N1 and H7N9 are not unfamiliar; In addition, mycoplasma, chlamydia, rickettsia, and actinomycetes can also cause disease.

The specific pathogenic microorganism is a more general concept, in fact, it is also related to the location of the bacteria, and the personal physique is also related, the most common is that some people eat slightly spoiled food is fine, and people with bridge bends will have stomach upset...

I don't know what you want to ask, so I'll look at it first, and then ask if I don't understand.

Question 3: What are the main pathogenic microorganisms that affect food safety Microorganisms that can cause diseases in humans, animals and plants, and are pathogenic. Microorganisms refer to those groups of organisms that are generally less than 1 mm in diameter, and they have a simple structure, most of them are single-celled, and some do not even have a cellular structure.

It is usually possible to see their morphology and structure with the help of a microscope or an electron microscope. It should be noted that microorganisms are a relatively general concept, and the boundaries can sometimes be very blurred. For example, unicellular algae and some protozoa are also considered microorganisms, but they are usually not studied in microorganisms.

Common ones are: Salmonella, Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Proteus, Shigella, avian influenza virus, Aspergillus flavus and viruses, foot-and-mouth disease virus, etc.

Question 4: Are pathogenic microorganisms and pathogenic bacteria the same concept Different microorganisms include bacteria, fungi, mycoplasma, rickettsia, chlamydia, etc., and bacteria and fungi are only included in them.

Question 5: What are the pathogenic microorganisms in the oral cavity of normal people If there are therapeutic microorganisms in the oral cavity, people can't get sick every day, so rabies should be.

Question 6: What are the pathogenic parasites, microorganisms and microbial toxins (1) Common pathogenic parasites are: trichinella, tapeworm suis, cysticerci (sheep, pigs, cattle), leptospira, lung flukes, etc. (see the trial regulations for meat hygiene inspection).

Parasites that infect people due to different regions or dietary habits, such as fasciola ginger (aquatic plants), Toxoplasma gondii (pigs, cattle, sheep), Ascaris eggs (vegetables), etc.

2) The pathogenic microorganisms mainly include: Bacillus anthracis, foot-and-mouth disease virus, Brucella, Tetanus bacillus, and erysipelas suis in meat.

The intestinal pathogenic bacteria and pathogenic cocci specified in the food hygiene standards refer to Salmonella, Shigella, Staphylococcus aureus, and group B streptococcus.

In addition, there are Proteus, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Bacillus cereus, etc.

3) Microbial toxins refer to aflatoxin B1, aflatoxin M1, patulin, etc.

The first category is the most harmful, and the first category is pathogenic microorganisms.

It refers to microorganisms that can cause very serious diseases in humans or animals, as well as microorganisms that have not yet been discovered or have been declared eliminated in China.

According to the infectiousness of pathogenic microorganisms and the degree of harm to individuals or groups after infection, the state divides pathogenic microorganisms into four categories:

Category 1: Microorganisms that can cause very serious diseases in humans or animals, as well as microorganisms that have not yet been discovered or have been declared eliminated in China. It has high individual hazard and high group hazard, and the diseases caused by it generally cannot be **, such as smallpox virus and Ebola virus.

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Category II: Microorganisms that can cause serious diseases in humans or animals, and are relatively easy to spread directly or indirectly between humans and people, animals and animals. It has characteristics of high individual hazard and low group hazard, such as highly pathogenic avian influenza.

Viruses, Brucella, etc.

Category III: Microorganisms that can cause human or animal diseases, but generally do not pose serious harm to humans, animals or the environment, have a limited risk of transmission, and have effective ** and preventive measures. It has the characteristics of moderate individual hazard and limited group hazard, such as hepatitis A virus and hepatitis B virus.

Wait. Category IV: Microorganisms that do not normally cause disease in humans or animals.

The first and second categories of pathogenic microorganisms are collectively referred to as highly pathogenic pathogenic microorganisms. <>

The first category is the most harmful.

1. A class of animal pathogenic microorganisms. Foot-and-mouth disease virus, highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, swine vesicular disease virus, African swine fever virus, African horse fever virus, rinderpest virus, peste des petits ruminants virus, infectious mycoplasma filaformis in bovine pleuropneumonia, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, scrapie.

2. Class II animal pathogenic microorganisms. Swine fever virus, Newcastle disease virus, rabies virus.

Sheep pox goat pox virus, bluetongue virus, rabbit viral hemorrhagic virus, Bacillus anthracis, Brucella.

3. Three types of animal pathogenic microorganisms. A variety of zoonotic pathogenic microorganisms: low pathogenic influenza virus, pseudorabies virus, Clostridium tetani, Clostridium emphysema, Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mycobacterium paratuberculosis, pathogenic Escherichia coli, Salmonella.

Pasteurella, etc.

1. The first category of pathogenic microorganisms are microorganisms that can cause very serious diseases in humans or animals, as well as microorganisms that have not yet been discovered or have been declared extinct.

2. The second type of pathogenic microorganisms are microorganisms that can cause serious diseases in humans or animals, and are relatively easy to spread directly or indirectly between humans and people, animals and animals.

3. The third type of pathogenic microorganisms can cause human or animal diseases, but generally do not pose serious harm to people, animals or the environment, the risk of transmission is limited, and the microorganisms that rarely cause serious diseases after laboratory infection and have effective and preventive measures.

4. The fourth category of pathogenic microorganisms are microorganisms that do not cause human or animal diseases under normal circumstances.

Among them, the first and second categories of pathogenic microorganisms are collectively referred to as highly pathogenic pathogenic microorganisms.

Microorganisms include: bacteria, viruses, fungi and some small protists, microscopic algae, etc., a large group of organisms, which are small and closely related to humans. It covers many kinds of beneficial and harmful, and is widely involved in food, medicine, industry and agriculture, environmental protection, sports and many other fields.

In Chinese textbooks, microorganisms are divided into the following eight categories: bacteria, viruses, fungi, actinomycetes, rickettsia, mycoplasma, chlamydia, and spirochetes. Some microorganisms are visible to the naked eye, such as mushrooms, reishi, shiitake mushrooms, etc., which belong to fungi.

There are also microorganisms, which are a class of "non-cellular organisms" that are made up of a few components such as nucleic acids and proteins.

A general term for all tiny organisms that are difficult to see with the naked eye and can only be observed with the help of an optical or electron microscope. Microorganisms include bacteria, viruses, fungi, and a few algae, among others. (However, some microorganisms are visible to the naked eye, such as mushrooms, reishi, etc., which belong to fungi.)

Viruses are a class of "non-cellular organisms" composed of a few components such as nucleic acids and proteins, but their survival must depend on living cells. According to the different environments present, it is divided into space microorganisms, marine microorganisms, etc., and according to the classification of cell structure, it is divided into prokaryotic microorganisms and eukaryotic microorganisms.

One of the most important effects of microbes on humans is to cause epidemics of infectious diseases. Viruses account for 50% of human diseases. The history of microbes causing disease in humans is the history of mankind's constant struggle with it.

In terms of disease prevention and prevention, human beings have made great progress, but new and recurrent microbial infections continue to occur, such as a large number of viral diseases have been lacking effective drugs. The pathogenic mechanism of some diseases is not well understood. The misuse of large quantities of broad-spectrum antibiotics has created strong selective pressures, causing many strains to mutate, leading to the emergence of drug resistance and new threats to human health.

Some segmented viruses can mutate between each other through recombination or reassortment, the most typical example is the epidemic virus. With each influenza pandemic, the influenza virus mutates with the strain that caused the infection the previous time, and this rapid mutation creates a significant obstacle to vaccine design and development. The emergence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis has led to a resurgence of TB infection, which had been nearly under control, around the world.