The expression of protoplasm, the difference between protoplasm and protoplasts

Protoplasm refers to the living substances in the cell, and the protoplasm is further differentiated into parts such as cell membrane, cytoplasm and nucleus. Thus, it can be said that an animal cell is a mass of protoplasm (but a plant cell is not a protoplasm because the cell wall of a plant cell is not a protoplasm).

Protoplast; The remaining plant cells after removing the cell wall of the plant in plant cell engineering are called protoplasts, which are actually the protoplasm of plant cells.

Protoplasm can be further divided into: cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus, which are called protoplasmic layers in cytology. (Note: The cell wall is not a protoplasm, and the plant cells with the cell wall removed are called protoplasts.) ）

Protoplasm is the biologically active substance in the cell, including organelles, while protoplasts refer to the active substances after the removal of organelles.

Protoplasts are substances that are removed from the cell walls of higher plants. This term is used only in plant cytoplasmic wall isolation. All other cases are called protoplasm.

Protoplasm is a general term for the living matter inside the cell. Its main components are sugars, proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, etc. Protoplasm differentiation produces a cell membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus, which are constructed into protoplasts with a specific structural system, that is, cells.

An animal cell is a protoplasm. Plant cells are made up of protoplasts and cell walls. Protoplasm is elastic and viscous, translucent, and heterogeneous.

Hydrocolloids. Colloids are composed of dispersed and continuous phases. The dispersed phase of protoplasmic colloids is biological macromolecules, mainly proteins, nucleic acids and polysaccharides, forming small particles with a diameter of about 0 1-0 001 microns, which are uniformly dispersed in a solution dominated by water and dissolved with simple sugars, amino acids and inorganic salts.

These macromolecular particles remain suspended and undergo Brownian motion. In this way, the macromolecular particles that exist with a high degree of dispersion have a huge surface. It has been proven that many chemical reactions occur at interfaces.

Under normal circumstances, the colloidal particles of protoplasmic colloids are suspended in a liquid medium called a sol. But under certain conditions; If the temperature decreases and the moisture decreases, the Brownian motion slows down, the adhesive hydrate layer becomes thinner, the glue particles are connected to each other to form a network structure, and the liquid medium is dispersed in the adhesive mesh, and the glue particles lose their mobility, which is called gel.

Categories: Education Academic Exams >> Study Help.

Problem description: What are its main ingredients?

Analysis: Protoplasm (pla **a) is not a chemical compound, but a complex colloid composed of many compounds, which has the ability to constantly renew itself and become a system of living matter.

It is currently believed that protoplasm is the material basis of life. The main chemical elements that make up protoplasm are C, H, O, N, and these four elements account for more than 90 of the total body weight of the cell. Secondly, there are elements such as S, P, K, NA, CA, MG, CL, Fe, etc., accounting for about a few percent of the total body weight of the cell; In addition, there are trace elements such as B, SI, MN, CO, CU, ZN, MO, etc. The various chemical elements that make up the protoplasm are combined into a variety of compounds, such as water, inorganic salts, sugars, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids, etc., and the protoplasm is a complex colloidal system with free water in free form as the slag leakage dispersion medium and various macromolecules such as proteins as the dispersed phase.

In the protoplasmic colloidal system, various macromolecules interact with each other and polymerize into basic shapes such as film, line and granular, and various basic shapes are combined alone or with each other to form submicroscopic structures and microstructures in protoplasm. In the life activities of cells, various microstructures in the protoplasm have specific functions, and they are functionally coordinated with each other, making the cell a unit of life. Many microstructures are constantly renewing themselves in the life activities of the cell.

In summary, it can be seen that protoplasm is a dynamic system composed of colloidal solution of water and various microstructures, which can self-renew, and is the material basis of cell life activities.

The metapla ** of ergastic substances in plant cells is the product of cellular metabolism. Such as cilia, flagella, etc.

The cell wall is postbiotic, and the protoplasm is only within the cell membrane (see protoplast definition).

1. Protoplasm refers to the living matter in the cell, which differentiates into cytoplasm, nucleus, and membrane. An animal cell is a mass of protoplasm.

2. Protoplasts: The remaining plant cells after removing the cell wall in plant cell engineering are called protoplasts, which are actually the original bioplasms of plant cells.

3. Cytoplasm: It is the part of the protoplasm that removes the nucleus and cell membrane. Argument calls for <>

Answer]: Protoplasmic properties are:

1) Colloidal properties: with the change of moisture, there can be two states: sol and gel;

2) Viscosity and elasticity: The viscosity of protoplasm is related to the strength of life activities, when the slow segment of the branch hollow weave is in a state of vigorous growth or metabolic activity, the viscosity is low, and the viscosity is high when dormant. The elasticity of protoplasm is related to the drought resistance of plants, and drought resistance is strong when the elasticity is large.