How to grasp the basic content of atomic structure

An atom is made up of a nucleus located in the center and electrons outside the nucleus, the nucleus is positively charged, and the electrons are negatively charged, so that the whole atom is not electrically external. Electrons are not stationary in atoms, but move around the nucleus at high speed, and the high-speed motion of electrons forms a cloud-like coat around the atoms, also called electron clouds. Different atoms have different numbers of electrons and different patterns of electron motion.

Just like a classmate, everyone wears shells of different shapes, and because of the different shapes of the shells, some people are more comfortable to lean together, while some people are difficult to lean together. Of course, the reality is much more complicated, and the above is just a simplistic metaphor.

The structure inside the atom ** solution:

The number in the figure represents the smallest unit of indivisible positive and negative electromagnetic information - qubits (Qubit) (name physicist John. Wheeler John Wheeler famously said, "It from bit."

After the development of quantum information research, this concept was sublimated to the point that everything originates from qubits) Note: Bits are bits.

What does the inside of an atom look like? The atoms in the microcosm already contain the entire universe.

Atoms refer to the basic particles that are inseparable from chemical reactions, and atoms are inseparable in chemical reactions. But in the physical state it can be divided, and the atom is made up of the nucleus and the electrons moving around the nucleus.

An atom is made up of a nucleus and an electron outside the nucleus, where the nucleus is located in the core part of the atom and is made up of two particles, protons and neutrons. The proton is made up of two upper quarks and one lower quark, and the neutron is made up of two lower quarks and one upper quark.

Atoms are thought to be made up of electrons, protons, neutrons (hydrogen atoms are made up of protons and electrons), and they are collectively known as subatomic particles. Almost all atoms contain the three subatomic particles mentioned above, but Cypton (an isotope of hydrogen) has no neutrons, and its ions (after losing electrons) are just protons.

Protons have a positive charge and a mass 1836 times the mass of an electron, which is that part of the mass can be converted into atomic binding energy. Neutrons are uncharged, and the mass of free neutrons is 1839 times the mass of electrons. Electrons are the first subatomic particles to be discovered, and by far electrons are the lightest of all particles, only.

The rest mass of an atom is usually expressed in a unit of atomic mass (u) and is also known as a dalton (da). This unit is defined as one-twelfth of the mass of electrically neutral carbon-12, which is about: The mass of an atom is approximately the product of the mass number and the unit of atomic mass.

The relative atomic mass of an element is the weighted average of the relative atomic mass of its various isotopes. The lowest number in the periodic table is the relative atomic mass.

Inside the atom is divided into nucleus and extranuclear electrons.

The nucleus of an atom is further divided into protons and neutrons.

Electrons outside the nucleus revolve around the nucleus.

The mass of the atom is equal to the number of protons plus the number of neutrons.

A schematic diagram of the atomic structure (pictured) is a graphical representation of the number of nuclear charges and the arrangement of the electron shell of an atom. The number in the circle and the circle indicates the number of protons in the nucleus and nucleus, the arc represents the electron layer, and the number in the arc indicates the number of electrons in that shell. As shown in the figure is a schematic diagram of the atomic structure of some atoms.

1. The electrons outside the nucleus are arranged separately, from the inside to the outside1,2,3....7.

2. There are up to 2 electrons in the first shell, up to 8 electrons in the second row, and no more than 8 electrons in the outermost shell.

3. The structure of the outermost 8 electrons is called the stable structure.

4, The number of outermost electrons of a metal atom <4 volatile electrons.

The number of outermost electrons of a non-metallic atom is 4,5 electrons are easily obtained.

The number of electrons in the outermost shell of a noble gas is 8.

HE: (2) Had to lose.

How to understand the schematic diagram of atomic structure? It boils down to the following points:

Know the name and symbol of the element L 20 (the number of protons in the nucleus) and the number of nuclear charges (the number of protons in the nucleus).

Understand the meaning of the symbols and numbers in the diagram.

The schematic diagram of the stuffy imitation structure of phosphorus atoms is taken as an example to illustrate it in detail.

0", which indicates the nucleus, and the "" sign in the circle indicates the nature of the charge carried by the proton; The number "15" in the circle indicates 15 protons in the nucleus; The outer arc represents the electron layer, and the number sandwiched by the arc is the number of electrons contained in the layer. The phosphorus atom has 3 arcs, indicating that it has a total of 3 electron shells.

No matter what the atom is, the number of nuclear charges = the number of protons = the number of electrons, the electric amount is equal, the electrical properties are opposite, and the whole atom is electrically neutral (i.e., unelectric).

The schematic diagram of the atomic structure can not only represent the neutral atom, but also the electron configuration outside the nucleus of the charged atom - a single ion (including cation and anion).

Atomic

Atoms refer to the basic particles that are inseparable from chemical reactions, but with the development of science, atoms are considered to be made up of electrons, protons, and neutrons, which are collectively referred to as subatomic particles. So atoms are inseparable in chemical reactions. But in the physical state it can be divided.

The structure of the atomAtoms are made up of positively charged nuclei and negatively charged electrons orbiting around the nucleus, and the mass of the atom is almost entirely concentrated in the nucleus, in which those negatively charged electrons move at high speed around the center of the nucleus, just as the planets of the solar system orbit the sun.

The composition of the nucleusThe nucleus is located at the core of the atom and is made up of two particles, protons and neutrons. Protons, in turn, are made up of two upper quarks and one lower quark, and neutrons are made up of two lower quarks and one upper quark. Therefore, in the atom, the nucleus is located in the center of the whole atom, and the electrons move around the nucleus at high speed, because the electrons move in different regions from the nucleus, we can see that the electrons are arranged in layers outside the nucleus.