Diagnostic evaluation of acute dehydration, diagnosis of isotonic dehydration

Primarily based on history and clinical findings. Detailed questions about fluid loss, the nature of fluid loss, etc. Extracellular fluid volume and serum sodium are measured for water deficiency and sodium loss.

Serum Na+ and Cl- are generally not significantly reduced, and plasma osmolality is within the normal range. Increased urine specific gravity. A markedly elevated red blood cell count, hemoglobin count, and hematocrit indicate hemoconcentration.

If necessary, blood gas analysis can be done to determine whether there is an acid-base imbalance.

A state of extreme lack of water in the body is called dehydration. There are two main types: dehydration (caused by insufficient water intake) due to a lack of hydration, and salt deficiency dehydration (caused by severe vomiting and diarrhoea) in which minerals (mainly sodium) are more deficient than hydration.

In addition, when sweating, along with water, minerals, especially salts, are lost. Therefore, dehydration due to sweating is a mixed type of dehydration in which both water and salt are lost.

In hydrogenic dehydration, there is severe thirst and decreased urine output due to the high concentration of body fluids (low water but high concentration of salts). When the lack of water reaches a considerable severity, the mucous membranes and tongue are dry, and obvious debilitating symptoms appear, which can eventually lead to death.

In salt-deficient dehydration, there is no thirst, fatigue, weakness, vomiting, convulsions, etc., due to low fluid concentration (low concentration of salts), and death due to dehydration, lack of thirst, fatigue, weakness, vomiting, and convulsions in severe cases.

In dehydration, the most important thing is to replenish water, and the patient should be cured by drinking water or injecting glucose.

In contrast, in salt deficiency dehydration, no matter how much water is given, as long as no minerals are given, it will not be cured. In this case, a liquid containing a certain mineral should be given, and a medical professional should be consulted as for the dosage concentration.

If you are dehydrated or thirsty due to sweating, remember to give the person the right amount of salt along with the water you drink.

Dehydration is a pathophysiological syndrome caused by the decrease in body fluid volume, mainly extracellular fluid volume caused by some pathological factors, and common pediatric emergencies such as diarrhea and vomiting can lead to dehydration in children. Body fluids are an important part of the human body, and maintaining the physiological balance of body fluids is one of the important conditions for maintaining the normal physiological activities of the human body. The dynamic balance of water, electrolytes, pH, osmotic pressure, etc. in body fluids depends on the normal regulation of the function of the nervous, endocrine, digestive, respiratory, and urinary systems.

Body fluids are divided into two parts: extracellular fluid and intracellular fluid. Extracellular fluid is distributed in the vascular lumen and the interstitial zone of tissue cells, and the younger the age, the more total body fluid is relatively more, mainly because the proportion of interstitial fluid in the extracellular fluid is higher. Due to the physiological characteristics of children, such as the undeveloped kidney function, the digestive and respiratory systems are easily invaded and infected by pathogens, and the functions of these systems are highly susceptible to diseases and external environment and dysregulation, water, electrolyte and acid-base balance disorders are extremely common in pediatric clinics.

When dehydrated, the child loses sodium, potassium, and other electrolytes in addition to water. The severity of fluid and electrolyte losses depends on the rate and magnitude of losses, and the type of fluid and electrolyte losses reflects the relative rate of water and electrolyte (primarily sodium). The main measure of dehydration is liquid, and the occurrence of dehydration, as well as the degree and nature of dehydration are the main basis for liquid.

Therefore, in order to improve the success rate of treatment, clinicians should pay attention to evaluating and judging the degree and nature of dehydration before implementing the first measures in the face of dehydrated children.

Acute dehydration is a pathophysiological syndrome caused by a decrease in body fluid volume, mainly extracellular fluid volume, caused by some pathological factors.

If the urine output is less than 500 ml in 24 hours, it is called oliguria It means that the condition is serious and is an important signal of significant decline in kidney function, which cannot be ignored This condition is more common in patients with shock and dehydration

There are two types of dehydration: the main is hydration dehydration caused by a lack of water; Salinity deficiency dehydration (caused by severe vomiting and diarrhea) is caused by a lack of minerals (mainly sodium) more than water while not hydrating In addition, when sweating, minerals, especially salt, are lost along with water Therefore, dehydration caused by sweating is a mixed type of dehydration in which both water and salt are lost

In hydrogenic dehydration, there is severe thirst and decreased urine output due to the high concentration of body fluids (low water but high concentration of salts) When the lack of water reaches a considerable severity, ** and dry mucous membranes The tongue is also dry, and there are obvious debilitating symptoms, which can eventually lead to death

In salt-deficient dehydration, due to low fluid concentration (low concentration of salts), dehydration, lack of thirst, fatigue and weakness, vomiting and convulsions in severe cases, leading to coma, and eventually death