Recently, there is gray mold in the ears of red grapes, please ask how to treat 40

There is this disease in the later part of the rainy season, give some information to see the actual situation yourself, and if so, treat it according to the instructions.

Harmful symptoms. It is mainly harmful to leaves. Only small brown dots are visible at first.

The onset is slow when the weather is dry, and the edges of the lesions are dark brown with light brown or grayish brown in the middle; When high humidity, the lesions are gray-green, water-stained, and expand rapidly, sometimes fused into large lesions, and can spread to the whole leaf in 3 to 4 days when it is severe, and the upper and lower surfaces of the lesions are white mold.

Infection cycles. The pathogen mostly overwinters with sclerotia, which becomes the source of infection at the beginning of the second year, and can overwinter on diseased residues with conidia. The white mold layer on the diseased leaves is the pathogenic spore peduncle and microspores, which are spread by wind and rain. In the later stage, the diseased leaves produce sclerotia along the veins, which are white at first and then turn black.

Factors of occurrence. It is rainy and damp, cold and cool, and there is little sunshine, and the disease is easy to spread.

Prevention and control methods. Cultivation: Eliminate the source of overwintering bacteria, remove diseased leaves, and burn them intensively or bury them deeply.

Agent: 50% iprodimida wettable powder 1000 times liquid, or 50% Nonlilin wettable powder 1500 times liquid, or 45% Terctomulti suspension 3000 4500 times liquid, or 50% ethylene sclerotia 1500 times wettable powder, or 50% Suclin 2000 times liquid.

Spraying of Suclin, promexin, and pyrimethylamine can control the disease.

With Bio Tuo microbial agent, 1:1000 spraying can be done, special effect.

1. When the branches of red grapes grow to about 15 cm, spray 1500 times of enoylmorpholine + 3000 times of organic silicon + 600 times of Tianda 2116 fruit tree special solution, once every 15-20 days, spray 2 times.

2. Spray downy mildew carb or methacryl manganese zinc + Tianda 2116 fruit tree special type + organic silicon 3000 times liquid before and after flowering, and spray twice.

3. Spray manganese-zinc + chlorothalonil + Tianda 2116 fruit tree special type + organic silicon during the grape expansion period.

Usually spray the Bordeaux solution.

Enoylmorpholine 50 times , 80 times , depending on the condition of the use.

The effect of a medicine "Fungus Rust Enemy 68%" will be known after use!

Summary. (1) Symptoms.

Grape downy mildew mainly affects leaves, but also young parts such as shoots, flower buds and young fruits. The leaves are susceptible, the front appears irregular pale yellow translucent oil-soaked small spot leaves, gradually expands to yellow-green, the edge boundary is not obvious, mostly several small spots are connected into an irregular or polygonal large lesion, and the back of the leaf produces a yellow-white frosty mold layer, that is, the pathogen sporangia and sporangia, the lesions become light brown in the later stage, dry cracked, scorched and curled, and the leaves fall off in severe cases. Tender shoots also appear with non-(or water-soaked) lesions, with yellowish-white mold on the surface, but they are rarer than leaves.

The lesions expand rapidly vertically, the color gradually turns brown, slightly depressed, and in severe cases, the new shoots stop growing and are twisted and die. In the early stage of the disease, the diseased part of the young fruit becomes light green, and the disease spot becomes dark brown and sinks in the later stage, producing a layer of frosty white mold, the fruit becomes hard and shrivels, and the fruit is damaged when it is half large, and the diseased part becomes brown and sunken, wrinkled and soft rot is easy to fall off, but does not produce a mold layer, and there are also a few diseased fruits that shrink on the tree. Generally, the fruit does not develop disease from coloring to ripening.

What downy mildew looks like on red grapes.

(1) Symptoms.

Grape downy mildew mainly affects leaves, but also young parts such as shoots, flower buds and young fruits. The leaves are susceptible, the front appears irregular pale yellow translucent oil-soaked small spot leaves, gradually expands to yellow-green, the edge boundary is not obvious, mostly several small spots are connected into an irregular or polygonal large lesion, and the back of the leaf produces a yellow-white frosty mold layer, that is, the pathogen sporangia and sporangia, the lesions become light brown in the later stage, dry cracked, scorched and curled, and the leaves fall off in severe cases. Tender shoots also appear with non-(or water-soaked) lesions, with yellowish-white mold on the surface, but they are rarer than leaves.

The lesions expand rapidly vertically, the color gradually turns brown, slightly depressed, and in severe cases, the new shoots stop growing and are twisted and die. In the early stage of the disease, the diseased part of the young fruit becomes light green, and the disease spot becomes dark brown and sinks in the later stage, producing a layer of frosty white mold, the fruit becomes hard and shrivels, and the fruit is damaged when it is half large, and the diseased part becomes brown and sunken, wrinkled and soft rot is easy to fall off, but does not produce a mold layer, and there are also a few diseased fruits that shrink on the tree. Generally, the fruit does not develop disease from coloring to ripening.

Botrytis is mainly harmful to leaves, stems, and young fruits.

The leaves are damaged, and the leaf margins are water-invaded brown lesions, which are round or oval in shape, brown with light brown ring lesions, and gray mold layer when the humidity is high.

The stem is damaged, forming water-soaked irregular lesions, grayish-white or brown, and the lesion has a grayish-white mold layer.

Water-soaked brown lesions are produced on the top of the affected young fruit and near it, which are dark brown after enlargement, and there is a gray mold layer on the surface.

In the early stage of prevention and treatment, trichloroisocyanuric acid, allicin, polyantimycin, pythium, prochloraz and other drugs can be used alternately for prevention and control.

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After grape bagging, it is easy to break out of downy mildew and white rot in medium temperature and high humidity weather, so what should you do Grape downy mildew white rot pests and diseases Leaf litter Bordeaux sap.

This is typical of downy mildew in grapes.

1. Eliminate the source of the disease. In autumn, the orchard is swept to remove diseased branches and leaves, and the soil is deeply turned.

2. Scientific fertilization and strengthen management. During the growth period of plants, avoid partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, and increase the application of rotting organic fertilizer and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to improve the disease resistance of plants. Timely pruning, reasonable pruning, to prevent branches and leaves from being too dense; appropriately strengthen the ventilation and light transmission of the orchard to reduce the humidity of the orchard; Irrigation at the right time and in the right amount, pay attention to drainage in the garden after rain to reduce ground humidity and reduce the chance of pathogenic bacterial infection.

3.Pharmacological prevention. Spray 1:1 before onset

0 5 0 7: 200 times Bordeaux liquid to prevent the occurrence of downy mildew, seize the critical period before the infection of the fungus to spray the first agent, and then spray once every half month, generally spray 3 4 times, you can achieve a good preventive effect; After the onset of the disease, spray 500 times of 65% zebsen wettable powder, or 300 times of 40% ethylphosphine aluminum wettable powder, spray once every 7 10 days, and spray 2 3 times in a row, which can receive significant control effects.

It's gray mold. At the beginning of the disease, the disease part is light brown and water-stained, and then turns dark brown, the whole fruit ear is soft rot, and the whole flower spike is necrotic when it is serious, and a layer of rat-gray mold is densely grown on the surface, and the bacteria fly everywhere when touched.

The pathogen mainly overwinters on sclerotia and conidia disease residues, soil and other host plants, and produces conidia on sclerotia in the following year when conditions are suitable, and together with the conidia on other host plants, conidia constitute the primary infection**. Spread by airflow, germs invade the wound.

Botrytis has two peaks in vineyards, the young flower spike and the ripening stage. In addition, the disease can occur during storage and transportation. Botrytis occurs mildly before flowering and sometimes passes by in a flash.

The disease is severe from the late flowering stage to the fruit drop stage. At this stage, if the humidity is high and the temperature is low (especially on rainy days), gray mold is the peak of infection, but it will not manifest, and when the weather is fine and the temperature rises, the symptoms will appear quickly and can no longer be prevented.

The humidity required for the occurrence of gray mold is not very high, and in some years it does not rain during the flowering period, but as long as there is dew in the morning and night, it is enough, and the important thing is the temperature difference, and the disease is severe in years with a large temperature difference during the flowering period.

Low temperature and humidity are conducive to the occurrence of diseases, and fruit injuries during the fruit ripening period can aggravate the occurrence of diseases, and vineyards with extensive management, insufficient application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, mechanical injuries and insect injuries are prone to disease, and orchards with low-lying terrain, long branches, and poor ventilation and light transmission are prone to disease.

The control of pesticides mainly focuses on the two periods before and after flowering and from near-ripening to fruit picking. About 5 days before flowering, it should be sprayed once, and then sprayed 1 2 times after flowering, with an interval of 7 10 days; Before harvesting, it is necessary to spray 2 3 times, with an interval of about 10 days. Commonly used agents are:

50% Pythium 1000 1500 times wettable powder (7 to 10 days before flowering and flower and fruit fall period are the best time for medication);

50% iprodione wettable powder 1000 1500 times;

23% pyrimycoamine suspension 1000 1200 times;

50% acetinylamide 1200 times (Kaiser, BASF).

10% polyantimycin wettable powder 1000 times.

Grape downy mildew mainly damages leaves, but also young parts such as new shoots, petioles, tendrils, young fruits, fruit stalks and inflorescences. Leaf damage, translucent oil-stained small yellowish spots on the front of the leaf in the early stage, the edge is not obvious; It then gradually turns into a pale green to yellowish-brown polygonal patch, and then turns yellow and dies. In moist conditions, a white downy mildew forms on the back of the leaves.

Severely infected leaves cause leaf shedding, which reduces the accumulation of sugar in the fruit grains and the cold resistance of overwintering buds. Damage to new shoots, petioles and tendrils produces water-wetted, slightly sunken brown lesions, and white downy mildew when wet. The disease of young fruits begins from the fruit stem, and the affected young fruits are gray and covered with white mold.

The diseased particles tend to fall off, leaving dry scars. Part of the cob or the entire spike will also fall off. You can choose mancozeb, manganese-zinc, manganese-zinc, manganese-zinc, manganese-zinc, downy mildew, downy mildew, silverfar, anti-fast, cyanofrostazole, and other different agents for continuous prevention 2 3 times, once every 7 days.

Grape downy mildew.

1. Thoroughly clean the garden in combination with winter pruning, cut off diseased and weak branches, sweep up dead branches and leaves, and burn them in a centralized manner; Deep ploughing in autumn and winter, and timely discharge of stagnant water after rain. Strengthen the management of vineyards, prune diseased branches, diseased vines and diseased leaves in spring, summer and autumn, hoe weeds in the garden, drain well, and appropriately increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers.

2. Adjust the temperature and humidity in the room, especially after grape fruit set, the room temperature should be quickly raised to more than 30 during the day, and try to maintain it at 32-35, so as to inhibit the formation, germination and germination and infection of sporangia with high temperature and low humidity. At about 16 o'clock in the afternoon, open the tuyere to ventilate and drain the humidity, reduce the indoor humidity, maintain the night temperature at 10-15, and the air humidity is not higher than 85%, and inhibit the germination of sporangia and spores with lower temperature and humidity to control the occurrence of diseases. In the middle of the disease, the following agents can be used:

50 Methylfuramide wettable powder 800-1000 times; 25. 500-800 times of methamanine wettable powder; 50 Frost Ling Wetter Powder 2000 times liquid; 20 1000-2000 times of azolamide water-dispersible granules; 25 Lyoxystrobin EC 2000-3000 times; 10 2000-2500 times of cyanofrostazole suspension; thiazole amide wettable powder l000 times liquid; 25 600-800 times of methamaline downy mildew wettable powder; 25. 2250-4500 times of di-alkyne amine suspension; 25 Lyomyamine and Frost Cyanide WP 22504500 times liquid; 80 40060 cases of aluminum triacetylphosphate wettable powder; 50 Enoylmorpholine WP 800150 daily times, in order to prevent the development of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria, fungicides should be used alternately.