What is the difference between red grape grafted seedlings and self rooted seedlings

Red grape grafted seedlings refer to the use of resistant rootstocks as roots, so that its yield, resistance and quality have been improved.

The quality of the root seedlings is good, but the resistance is weak, the growth potential is generally weak, and the main disadvantage is that its cold resistance is particularly low.

Grape cuttings have been the main propagation method for thousands of years because they are easy to propagate, but in the last century, due to the introduction of American grapes, grape phylloxera has also been introduced. The Eurasian grape was of good quality, but generally not resistant to phylloxera, which almost brought a serious disaster to the European grape industry at that time. Grape varieties with grape relatives in the Americas are generally more resistant to phylloxera!

Later, it was discovered that grafting grapes of Eurasian varieties with American grapes as rootstocks could resist phylloxeras, so grafted seedlings were produced.

Due to the cold weather, the northern grape producing areas need to bury soil in winter to protect against the cold, so the occurrence and development of phylloxera are greatly limited. However, due to the cold weather in the north, grapes will often suffer from frost damage, so people use wild mountain grapes to graft grapes, which largely solves the problem of frost damage to grapes from their roots and seedlings in winter.

The southern part of our country is often cloudy and rainy because of poor light, which causes the growth of Eurasian grapes to be weak and prone to downy mildew, so the south mostly uses Jufeng and vine grapes as rootstocks to alleviate the problem of weak growth of Eurasian species, but because they are easy to crack the fruit, it will also cause the scion to crack the fruit more easily.

The biggest benefit of grafting is to increase the yield, and the rootstock is mainly the vigorous root system, so the yield can be greatly increased after grafting.

Grafted seedlings can maintain their excellent varieties, grow healthy and grow fast!

Self-rooted seedling varieties are easy to degrade, and can also be used to breed excellent varieties, generally used as rootstocks for grafted seedlings.

1. The roots are different.

The seedlings of cuttings do not have obvious taproots, and have multiple lateral roots, which are mostly biased in one direction; The grafted grape seedlings have a well-developed root system with obvious taproots, and at the same time, five lateral roots with different growth directions should be retained.

2. The market phenomenon is different.

The first grade of grafted grape seedlings is often much higher, but the actual cost of cuttings is a few cents per tree, so the sales profit is relatively large, prompting many seedling merchants to deliberately graft in order to sell grafted seedlings.

3. Development is different.

Grape cuttings are used to overcome the congenital deficiencies of some varieties, such as slow rooting of vine cuttings, weak growth of black Barado cuttings, and fast rooting and good growth of strong rootstock grafted seedlings.

4. There is a big difference in cold resistance and disease resistance.

Grafted seedlings have good resistance, but the maturity time of cuttings in the same variety is earlier than that of all grafted seedlings, and the cold tolerance of cuttings is good. Especially in cold areas, grafted seedlings can be buried in the soil for winter, and self-rooted seedlings will freeze to death.

5. The flowering and fruiting speed is different.

The cuttings of grape seedlings need to wait for the cuttings to produce new roots, and only after they survive can they grow (flowering and fruiting), which is relatively slow; The grafted grape seedlings directly have the root nutrients and water of the receptor, which is faster than flowering and fruiting, but can produce new varieties of fruit and improve the recipient fruit varieties.

Grape seedlings refer to the seedling state of grapes, grapes are generally divided into cuttings and grafted seedlings, cuttings refer to cutting 15 cm to 20 cm on the mature grape branches, cultivating in sandy soil, after a year of growth, roots will grow in the roots, so that grapes can be planted. Grafted seedlings refer to the cutting seedlings on the basis of cuttings, grafting two different varieties of grape seedlings together, planting more than one year can be planted. That is to say, a cuttings seedling grows for one year, and a grafted seedling grows for more than two years.

There are great differences between the two in terms of planting methods and management techniques. ‍

Cuttings and grafting are two different techniques. Cuttings are directly used as cuttings, while grafting is to graft one variety to another.

Most of the rootstocks of grape grafted seedlings are Beida, which has good cold resistance and disease resistance.

Similar to normal childbirth and borrowing womb to have children.

One is for seedlings, and the other is for grafting mature trees. Seedlings bear fruit for 2 years and graft for 1 year.

In the plant kingdom, the minimum requirements for grafting must also be the same genus or species, let's take a look at grapes, grapes belong to the grape family, are dicots, woody vines, vines are usually slender stems, can not grow upright can only rely on trees Grape can be grafted with plants with similar attributes of the same family, such as mountain vines, sandy vines, wild vines, etc. Scions (rootstocks) that are structurally and physiologically and genetically similar or identical, which are conducive to the survival of the graft. The best time to harvest grapes is in May-June.

<> grape grafting time should be selected spring or summer, spring is the season of grape growth and germination, trees begin to grow, this time period of grafting is conducive to the survival of branches, secrete a large amount of juice, quickly heal wounds, branches have enough nutrients, healthy growth, grow more vines and grapes can be grafted with plants of the same family, such as mountain vines, sandy vines, riverbank vines, etc. The time of grafting is best from the end of May to the end of June each year, and the mouth is cut on the rootstock during grafting, and then the two are combined and tied with plastic film tape.

The time of grafting varies depending on the region and climate. In general, in the north, the grapes are grafted from mid-June to mid-July, while in the south, the best time to graft grapes is between spring and May and summer August. Grapevines are widely cropped fruit trees in China, and are generally propagated by cuttings, striping and grafting.

Grapes can be grafted with grape grows with high affinity. Such as vines, mountain grapes, hairy grapes, snake grapes, etc.

In the northwest region of China, such as Ningxia, western Gansu, Xinjiang and other places, the degree of soil salinization is relatively high, in the cultivation of table grapes and wine grapes, attention can be paid to the selection of the above rootstock type grapes can be grafted with the same family and genus of plants, such as mountain vines, sandy vines, riverbank vines, etc. The time of grafting is best from the end of May to the end of June each year, and the mouth is cut on the rootstock during grafting, and then the two are combined and tied with plastic film tape.

1. The seedlings with different cuttings infiltrated by the root ascending finger have no obvious taproot, and have multiple lateral roots, which are mostly biased in one direction; The grafted grape seedlings have a well-developed root system with obvious taproots, and at the same time, five lateral roots with different growth directions should be retained. 2. The market phenomenon is often much higher than that of grafted grape seedlings, but the actual cost of cuttings is a few cents per tree, so the sales profit is relatively large, prompting many seedling merchants to deliberately graft in order to sell grafted seedlings. 3. The development of different cuttings grapes is used to overcome the congenital deficiencies of some varieties, such as slow rooting of cuttings of Noisy Spine Vine and Minoru Wild Minoru, weak growth of Black Barado cuttings, and fast rooting of strong rootstock grafted seedlings and good growth.

The grafting method is composed of two parts, the root is called the rootstock, and the conclusion is called the scion, so it is called the lower root is called wild grape, and the growing scion is called domestic grape. In that way, we all know that although wild grapes are not delicious and the fruit is small, they are drought tolerant, disease resistant, and resistant to diseases and pests, and domestic grapes, although the fruit is large, delicious, and the production is high, but drought tolerance, waterlogging resistance, and insect resistance are much worse than wild grapes. Therefore, with grafting, its roots are actually rootstocks, and it is necessary to choose inferior resistant species, such as wild grapes, small grapes, and sour grapes.

Grape cuttings and grafting methods are the most used methods for grape breeding, especially the cuttings method, <>

As a large-scale and large-scale breeding method, although both can be concluded, the growth and maintenance period may be different. The fruit is not crowded, there is no broken grain, and vegetables and fruits are time-saving. The fruit brush is resolute, and it is not easy to fall off after perfection.

If the dragon wilting technique is used, the production volume can be increased. There is hope that it will become the main species, and small-scale taxpayers in China have long planted it. The buds of the blue gem grape are displaced, so it is advisable to prune them longer and slightly and use small dragon stems, which are large and easy to color perfectly, so it is easy to increase yield.

When in the northern region of Shandong Province, the bud period in early to mid-April is <>

The first flowers in mid to late May, blooms at the end of May, the first veraison in mid to late June, the fruit is gradually colored in mid to late August, and the fruit is perfect in mid to late August, and the fruit hanging period is long after perfection. Grafting method pre-seedling, more than a little better, unique, rare species, paper strips can not achieve large-scale cuttings seedlings, change to grafting method is more extensive. First of all, it is easy to use grapes that are easy to find seedlings to make rootstocks, and then use the budding method, which is very easy to survive.

Male trees have the advantages of abundant growth, well-developed root system and long service life. The main disadvantage is that the purity of the variety is not very high, and it is very prone to mutation. According to the grafting method, the excellent characteristics of the mother plant can be maintained, <>

Adaptable and early. Therefore, the grafting method is widely used in the cultivation of fruit trees. The petals can only be concluded by pollination, but the origin of bee pollen is more complicated, so although the quality of the fruit of the female parent is very good, the seeds will change because of the addition of other elements, and the good species are selected, and they are the minority that stands out from the crowd in most species, and the probability of encountering excellent quality bee pollen in the case of pollination is much smaller, so the fruit produced by most male trees will deteriorate.

Therefore, most of the general business scale cultivation is carried out by grafting.

The grafted seedling is composed of two parts: rootstock and scion, the branch or bud used for grafting is called scion, and the part that bears the scion is called the rootstock, and there is a grafted part, and the degree of healing with good affinity is high. Cuttings are seedlings cultivated with cuttings of branches using the regeneration ability of grapes, also known as self-rooted seedlings, without grafting parts, and there is no distinction between upper and lower.

The two are completely different, one is to grow better, so the cuttings are given, and the grafting is to make the varieties more melancholy and be able to cultivate special varieties.

At present, in addition to the cold-resistant rootstocks used in the cold areas of the north, most of the grape growing areas in China still use self-root cuttings for propagation, and the grape branches are directly harvested from the production garden, which leads to the spread of the virus.

The seedlings grafted by Beida are good, and now they are commonly used with this kind of grafted seedlings, which are drought and disease resistant, and have a developed root system.

The main purpose of grape grafting:

1. All grapes are replanted, usually using spring hard branch splitting and summer green branch splitting, but the spring hard branch splitting must cut off the upper branches, which affects the current year's fruiting, while the summer green branch splitting is difficult to extract strong branches, and the next year's fruit is little or no fruit. Since the experiment in 1996, we have used the single-cut tile bud and branch mosaic grafting method to change the 5-year-old giant peak to rattan minoru and black marshal after the grape harvest, and the survival rate is more than 95, and the results of the current year's results are correct, and the next year's grafted varieties are bumper. The technical points are as follows.

1. The rootstock must grow robustly and the leaves must be intact. After the grapes are harvested, fertilizer and water management are carried out before grafting. In case of drought, water thoroughly in advance.

2. The scion is made of year-old robust branches close to the base, with a high degree of lignification and full bud body. Scion is best picked on the spot, such as long-distance transportation, must do a good job of moisturizing, and soak in clean water for a day and night.

3. The grafting part of the trellis grape is not less than 30 cm and not higher than 130 cm, each plant is grafted with 10 15 bud branches, and the interval between 20 and 30 cm on the main vine is to select a strong branch of the year, and graft at a distance of 5 10 cm from the base.

4. When grafting, first cut off the petiole on the scion from the base, cut off 1 2 from the back of the bud body, cut the surface to be smooth, and then take the bud body as the center, cut 2 cm on both sides, stack it on the rootstock in the opposite direction, cut one at each end of the bud branch with a quick knife, and then take off the bud branch, cut off the tissue between the two ways, resulting in a gap consistent with the size of the bud branch, align the bud branch with the cambium layer, and finally tie it tightly with a plastic film belt.

After the moon grapes fall leaves, the grafting wound has been completely healed, and the binding can be removed, leaving 2 cm of cutting at the grafting site, and thinning the rootstock branches that have not been grafted.

6. In the spring of the following year, the buds on the rootstock should be erased in time, so as to facilitate the grafting buds to extract branches and fruit ears, and carry out comprehensive management such as fertilization, watering, vine binding, and topping.

1. Planting method.

In the cultivation of red grapes, the seedlings are mostly planted in the north before the soil freezes or in the spring, and the temperature rises above 5 in the autumn, and in the south after the leaves fall in autumn until February of the following year. In view of the abundance of red milk, in order to facilitate the production of high-quality fruits, it is recommended to use a trellised trellis in both the north and the south. According to the determined row direction and row spacing, dig a planting ditch in the middle of the furrow, 50-70 cm wide and 35-80 cm deep, and put weeds and perishable cooked straw at the bottom of the ditch.

The fertilizer is applied into the ditch, 4-5 cubic meters of pig manure per mu, or 3-4 cubic meters of sheep manure, or 2 cubic meters of rotting chicken manure with 100 kg of phosphate fertilizer, mixed with soil, the topsoil is filled in the middle and lower part, and the lower layer of soil is covered on the surface. Plant row spacing: 3 meters in the north, 330 plants per mu; 3 meters in the south, 330 plants per mu.

Water immediately after planting to make the soil settle.

Second, post-planting management.

In the red grape planting technology, the rootstock tiller buds are erased in time, the strong grafted buds are selected as the main vines, the excess buds are erased and the strings are erected in time to make the seedlings erect. Annual seedlings should be watered frequently, winter shears should pay attention to the diameter of the cut 1 meter from the ground should not be less than 1 cm, 1 meter below 50 cm or more of the side branch diameter of 1 cm can be used as the second year's fruiting mother branch.

3. Management of two-year seedlings of red grape seedlings:

After excavation, pre-germination water is poured and combined with fertilization.

The principle of timely budding is to remove the weak and stay strong.

Fixed tips: When the new shoots grow to 5-10 cm, keep 10-15 tips per square meter of shelf surface or keep the spacing of new shoots at 25-30 cm.

Watering: Watering 7-10 days before flowering, 10-15 days after flowering, and 1 small water and fertilization every 10 days before fruit growth and grape coloring.

New shoot topping: about 7 days before flowering, leave 10 leaves on the inflorescence and about 12 leaves for developing branches.

Auxiliary tip treatment: leave 1-2 secondary tips at the top of the fruiting mother branch, erase the rest, leave 2-3 leaves at the top of the secondary shoot, and leave 1 leaf for repeated topping of the secondary tips of the developing branches.

Fruit bagging: In the red milk grape planting technology, the fungicide is sprayed 7-10 days after flowering, and the bagging can be done the next day, and the bagging is completed within 20 days after flowering.

Winter pruning: generally carried out after the fall of leaves to the spring of the following year, the thickness of the fruiting branches should not be less than cm during winter pruning, and the cutting should be 3-5 cm in front of the bud eyes. Short or medium short tips can be trimmed, or a combination of long, medium and short tips can be used.

Bury the soil to prevent cold: In the red grape planting technology, the soil is generally covered after winter shearing and 10-15 days before the soil is frozen. In the Yangtze River basin or Jiangnan region, after pruning in winter, the tree body is sprayed with 1-3 degrees of stone sulfur mixture.