Find invasive plants. Example. What are the invasive plants Introduction to invasive plants

Goldenrod, rice grass, silver gum chrysanthemum, water peanut, water hyacinth, purple stem Zeland, airplane grass!

What is called invasive alien organisms.

Biological invasion, if considered from the perspective of the ecosystem, then a species does not have this species in a certain ecosystem, but is introduced into this ecosystem by humans intentionally or unintentionally from other ecosystems, which is called alien species.

However, once this alien species forms and reproduces on its own in the local area, causing damage to the local ecology or economy, this species can be called invasive alien species, which is defined by ecosystems.

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List of the first batch of invasive alien species.

1.Eupatorium purpurea 2Mikania.

3.Hollow lotus seed grass 4Ragweed.

5.Poison Weeds 6Spartina alterniflora.

7.Airplane Grass 8Hyacinth.

9.Fake Sorghum 10Cane moth.

11.Wetland pine mealybug 12Powerful beetle.

13.American White Moth 14African giant snail.

15.Fushou snail 16Bullfrog.

The criteria used in this paper to identify invasive species are exotic species.

1) Crossing spatial barriers that cannot be naturally crossed by human activities to enter the country;

2) settle in local natural or man-made ecosystems and reproduce and spread on their own;

and 3) it has had a significant impact on the local ecosystem and landscape, harming China's biodiversity. The main invasive plants that entered China are: Eupatorium spartinata, Spartina alterniflora, Lotus hollow seed, water hyacinth, ragweed, poison weed, airplane grass, Mikania, Admiralty, false sorghum, Pengqi chrysanthemum, five-clawed golden dragon, Italian Xanthium, stinging calyx nightshade, etc.

The main invasions of foreign plants in our country are:

Goldenrod, rice grass, silver gum chrysanthemum, water peanut, water hyacinth, purple stem Zeland, airplane grass!

Water hyacinth is also known as revolutionary grass.

Canadian goldenrod, water hyacinth, etc.

1. Invasive plants include: Spartina alterniflora, hollow lotus seed grass, water hyacinth, poison weed, airplane grass, Mikania, Admiralty vine, etc.

2. Spartina alterniflora is a perennial herbaceous plant of the genus Poaceae and Oryza Alterniflora.

3. Hollow lotus seed grass is a plant of the family Amaranthaceae, which is listed as the first batch of invasive alien species in China, native to South America.

4. Water hyacinth, also known as water hyacinth and floating water lotus, is a floating aquatic plant of the genus Phoenix-eyed blue in the family Yujiu flower.

There are some invasive plants in the garden, and tips to control them not to deviate from the design intent.

Creeping skeletal grass.

Creeping skeletal grass is only 15 to 25 centimeters tall and forms a low, dense blanket of grass. The skeletal grass prefers secluded environments, but can also tolerate sunlight. It needs to be planted where it is needed, such as the shady side of a riverbank.

Because it is easy to spread to these places, it cannot be used as a border plant for lawns, Artemisia has a height of 45 cm, dense growth, and silvery-white leaves. Invasive, especially in loose soils such as sandy. It should be applied in a relatively open, bright area so that it can crawl all over the ground.

Lily of the valley. Lily of the valley is an easily cultivated plant with a height of 15 to 45 cm. The inflorescence is white raceme, the flowers are bell-like, open in spring, and are aromatic.

It needs a large growing space and is not suitable as a bordered plant for root flowers. Lily of the valley is an excellent ground cover plant in the understory, which grows strong in the shade and is prone to invasion.

Celandine. Celandine plants are 60 to 120 cm tall and are native to the temperate zones of Europe and Asia. It is a perennial herbaceous plant that is wild in both north and south of China.

It grows best in shallow water, and can also be grown dry, regardless of soil. Celandine can be self-sown and multiply to occupy wetlands, causing other species to disappear, and attention should be paid to when designing.

Mother-in-law. The genus Poena includes several annual and creeping perennial varieties that often form dense patches on lawns. Due to its beautiful inflorescences, it is often used for garden decoration, but once it invades the lawn, it is difficult to remove with traditional broadleaf herbicides.

Little mallow. Malvaceum is a perennial herbaceous plant, with a plant height of 80 to 100 cm, large pink flowers, and a habit of self-propagation, which is not suitable for application in small gardens.

Big red lemon balm.

Lemon balm, also known as American mint and spearmint, is a perennial evergreen herb of the genus Lemon Balm of the Lamiaceae family, with a plant height of 50 to 80 cm, scarlet tubular flowers, dense inflorescences and many flowers. It is a new favorite in the garden because its fragrant floral fragrance often attracts bees and butterflies. The large red lemon balm needs to be divided every three years to prevent overgrowth.

In addition, it grows well in bright light and tends to grow in semi-shade.

Hairy leaf soda. Hairy leaf soda is also called sheep ear grass, a perennial herb. The leaves are ovate, densely covered with silver silk hairs, the leaves are silvery-white, very beautiful, the texture is like velvet, and it is used in flowers and garden ground cover.

Although it can invade lawns and destroy landscaping, it can be controlled by uprooting plants.

PeppermintMany plants of the genus Peppermint, such as Dutch mint, catnip, etc., can become invasive plants in the garden within a few years. It can be planted in a container, and then buried in the place where it needs to be configured in the garden, which can prevent the spread of plants and damage the landscape.

Eupatorium purpurea. Eupatorium purpurea is a perennial herbaceous or subshrub that reproduces sexually and asexually. Each plant can produce about 10,000 achenes per year, which are spread by the wind through crown hairs.

The rhizome is well developed and can rely on the strong rhizome to expand and spread quickly. It can secrete allelochemicals and crowd out a variety of nearby plants. It is native to Central America and tropical regions, and is distributed in Yunnan, Guangxi, Guizhou, Sichuan and other places in China.

Canadian biologist John Crilonomers discovered the secret to the success of invasive plants based on experiments in greenhouses. He discovered that invasive weeds were able to multiply because they were transplanted to the new land and evaded pathogens from the native land. Of course, not all plants have the ability to invade other places, and most plants still prefer to live in their hometowns, and transplanting them may be difficult to reproduce, or their yields will be reduced.

The observations of the American biologist Lagan Callaway support the conclusion of Krillo Nomers. They studied North America's infamous spotted cornflower, a stubborn weed that invaded North America from Central Europe. Researchers planted seeds of spotted cornflowers in sterilized and unsterilized soils in Europe and North America.

Spotted cornflowers grow one and a half times faster in sterilized North American soils than in unsterilized North American soils. However, they grow up to nine times faster in sterilized European soils than in undetoxified European soils. This suggests that there are more pathogens in European soils that are not conducive to the growth of cornflowers.

The nemesis of the spotted cornflower really makes the cornflower not too presumptuous in Europe. When they planted spotted cornflowers in French soil, they did better in soils that had grown clumps of grasses, probably because there were not many spots of cornflowers' nemesis in the soils that had been planted with clumps of grasses. In addition to discovering that invasive plants can evade pathogens in their native lands, Callaway further discovered that invasive plants can ally with microbes in new lands.

Researchers planted two batches of spotted cornflowers in the same area of Montana, USA, one in new soil and one in the soil where the spotted cornflower had been planted, and the soil that had been planted with spotted cornflower grew more spotted cornflowers. After analyzing the soil, scientists found that these spotted cornflowers not only avoided pathogens on the native ground, but also allied themselves with microorganisms such as mycorrhizal fungi in the soil, forming a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship. Van Wiem, a researcher at the Netherlands Centre for Terrestrial Ecology, points out that the implications of the invasion for organisms living in the soil are twofold:

Avoided bad bacteria and encountered good bacteria. This also has two implications for scientists: first, to restrain invasive species by importing pathogens into native soils; Second, finding microbes that interfere with native beneficial plants and finding ways to eliminate them can increase the yield of beneficial plants.

Crirlonomers pointed out that finding out the specific names of the nemesis of invasive plants was something they had to do further, and it was also the basis for realizing the two-layered meaning that Wim pointed out.

The concept of invasive alien plants and plant invasions.

Invasive alien plants refer to plants that have evolved in non-original ecosystems, which have been introduced into a new ecological environment due to natural or man-made factors and pose a certain threat to the new ecological environment or the species therein. Plant invasion refers to an ecological phenomenon in which a plant enters a new habitat from its place of origin under the influence of various activities, and gradually occupies the habitat through settlement, colonization and dispersal, thereby causing negative impacts on local indigenous populations and ecosystems.

Characteristics of invasive plants.

Invasive alien plants, extraordinary are those alien plants that are more invasive, with their corresponding physiological and ecological characteristics. For example, invasive alien plants are generally herbaceous plants, mostly single-year-old or biennial-old, with short life cycles, small plants, huge number of seeds, small and light seeds, diversified propagation and dispersal methods, and flexible adaptation to environmental changes.

For example, the 1000-grain weight of Mikania Guangsu fruit is 010892g, with 5 "ridges", and a circle of crown hairs at the apex; The 1000-grain weight of Eupatorium purpurea seeds is 0104 01045g, and there are crown hairs at the top of the fruit; The weight of 1,000 grains is only 0105g, with five longitudinal ridges and short bristles on the edges. These are small and lightweight, and have appendages such as wings, pubescence, or crowns, and can be dispersed over long distances through air, water, animals, or humans. Studies have shown that monocots are more invasive than dicots; Herbaceous plants are more invasive than woody plants; Single-year, biennial-born plants are more invasive than perennials.

This is also confirmed by the analysis and comparison of the number of herbaceous and woody, single-year and perennial among the 90 species of alien plants that have been most seriously invaded in China.

Ecosystems are formed through long-term evolution, and the close relationship between various species is formed, which is now interdependent and mutually restrictive, and when an alien species is introduced, it is possible to upset the balance, change or destroy the local ecological environment, and seriously damage biodiversity.

Mainly: goldenrod, rice grass, silver gum chrysanthemum, water peanut, water hyacinth, purple stem Zeland, airplane grass!

1. Strong ecological adaptability. It is mainly manifested in high genetic diversity, strong stress resistance and wide ecological niche. Seeds can be dormant to guarantee germination at a specific period; It can produce substances that inhibit the growth of other plants; It has spines that can stab animals and cause them to repuls, etc.; Plants have high photosynthetic efficiency.

2. Strong reproductive ability. It is mainly manifested in the ability to reproduce in large quantities through seeds or vegetative bodies, with short generations, and can produce offspring in unfavorable environments; The roots or rhizomes of plants have a large amount of nutrient storage and have a strong ability to reproduce asexually.

3. Strong communication ability. It is mainly manifested in the presence of seeds or propagules suitable for vector dispersal, and the transmission rate is high; It is good at living with people and is easily spread through human activities. The biggest harm of invasive alien plants is the direct reduction and loss of biodiversity in Beijing's wetlands, and some of them also cause allergic diseases in humans, such as ragweed pollen.