-
1. Galileo's Principle of Relativity and the Classical Mechanics Concept of Time and Space Inertial frame: An object that is not subject to external force or the net force of external force is 0, and keeps its stationary or uniform linear motion unchanged, such a reference frame is called an inertial frame of reference, referred to as an inertial frame. (New Idea:.)
If we recognize the cause of the incoherent system force and calculate this force (inertial force) together in a physical experiment, then we can treat the non-inertial frame as if we were jumping out of the non-inertial frame and experimenting in the inertial frame to reach the same conclusion, and we can treat the non-inertial frame as an inertial frame - this is similar to the principle of relativity of general relativity) All inertial frames that move in a uniform straight line with each other are exactly equivalent to describing the mechanical laws of mechanical motion, and any mechanical experiment done "inside" an inertial frame, It is not certain whether the inertial frame itself is at rest or in a uniform linear motion. This principle is called the principle of mechanical relativity, or Galileo's principle of relativity. Newton said:
Absolute, real and mathematical time passes by itself, and by its very nature evenly, independently of any external object. "Absolute space, by its very nature, has nothing to do with anything outside it, but is eternally the same and immovable. (See Newton's Principia Mathematica of Natural Philosophy) II. Background of the Special Theory of Relativity At the end of the 19th century, it was known that the speed of light was finite, and when the speed of light was measured, it was found that the light emitted by Jupiter's moons reached the Earth at the same time, regardless of whether the Earth was moving towards the satellite or moving away from the satellite.
This is not in accordance with the principle of superposition of the velocity of the motion of the object (the velocity of the A reference frame is v1 relative to the B reference frame, and the object with a velocity of V2 relative to A is emitted on A, and the velocity of the object with respect to B is V1+V2), but in accordance with the nature of the wave, because all the waves known at that time had a medium, so people assumed that light also had a medium, and named it "ether", and light propagated steadily in the ether, so it had nothing to do with the motion of the earth. Since the earth is not a special celestial body in the universe, the ether should have a relative motion to the earth, and the famous Michael Erson (and Morey (experimentally proved that the ether moving relative to the earth does not exist, that is, if the ether exists, the ether is stationary to the earth, and there is a slight difference in the narrative here and some people believe that the ether does not exist. In 1905, Albert Einstein proposed two hypotheses:
From 1964 to 1966, the European Center for Nuclear (CERN) made precise experimental measurements of the speed of light in the proton synchrotron, which directly verified the principle of the invariance of the speed of light. As a result of the experiment, a meon (written as pie to the power of 0) generated in the synchrotron travels at high speed, which decays in flight and emits photons with an energy of 6000000000 eV, and the measured laboratory speed of the photon is still c.
Yes, the Lorentz transformation in the theory of relativity can be deduced. >>>More
The theory of relativity is a basic theory about space-time and gravity, mainly founded by Albert Einstein, and is divided into special relativity and general relativity according to the different objects of study. The basic assumption of relativity is the principle of relativity, that is, the laws of physics have nothing to do with the choice of frame of reference. >>>More
The main points of special relativity:
1) The principle of special relativity (principle of special covariance): all inertial frames of reference are equal, that is, the form of physical laws is the same in any inertial frame of reference. This means that the laws of physics are the same for an observer at rest in a laboratory as for an electron moving at high speed and uniform speed relative to the laboratory. >>>More
Go and see the Einstein Papers.
The definition of the theory of relativity is that the speed of any object cannot be greater than the speed of light. >>>More