Philosophically what is the sophistry of the white horse and not the horse

It is said that there is a man named Gongsun Longzi who wants to ride a horse into a city where horses are not allowed to enter, and at the edge of the city, he made the guards stunned and funny to make the city guard believe that his white horse is not a horse and let him in! The moral is that nothing in the world is impossible, as long as you are good enough to be don't!

Remember.

White horses are not horsesIt embodies the principle of severing the relationship between the universality and particularity of contradictions.

The philosophical principle of white horses and non-horses is contradictoryThe relationship between the universality and particularity of contradictions has been severed. Dialectics.

It is believed that particularity is inseparable from universality, and no matter how special things are, they can be classified into one category. From the point of view of pursuing the truth of things, we must know their original meaning, and we must not fall into the logical mistake of covering our ears and stealing bells. White horses are not horses are actually the embodiment of "semantic fallacy".

The White Horse is Not a Horse, a famous logical question posed by the great ancient Chinese logician Gongsun Long (c. 320 250 BC), from the Treatise on the White Horse by Gongsun Longzi.

Brief introduction.

Gongsun Long, the legend of the child mastering the word, during the Warring States period of China, was once an ordinary gentleman's retinue, and the famous representative of the main figure was "Gong is the son", when the Western Han Dynasty gong was the 14th, the Tang Dynasty was divided into three volumes, the Northern Song Dynasty.

When it lost 8, now only 6 remains, one volume.

Among them, the two most important universities are "White Horse Theory" and "Leaving Jian Bai Shuo", and put forward the arguments of "White Horse is not a Horse" and "Leaving Jian Bai", and are the main representatives of the "Li Jian Bai" school. It is famous for its sophistry.

It is a kind of metaphysics to logically propose the interrelationship between the "individual" and the "general", but to exaggerate the difference between the two and to sever the connection between the two.

of the mindset. His surname is Hui Shi.

<> "White Horse is not a horse" is a thought experiment proposed by the Tang Dynasty philosopher Wang Yangming, and its core concept is that "the relationship between the concept and the object is not determined by the object, but by the concept". This principle is called "the unity of mind and matter" or "the unity of knowledge and action", that is, "knowledge" and "action" are not separate, but interact, and people's thoughts and actions should be the same. In the white horse non-horse thought experiment, Wang Yangming tried to show that the horse is not an essential concept, but is determined by ideas, so different people have different concepts of horses, and can even call non-horses horses.

This thought experiment aims to emphasize the subjective agency of the individual and the relativity of meaning. Philosophically, White Horse embodies the ideas of relativism, subjectivism, and psychology.

In the face of the exposition of "white horses and not horses", we must first understand its original meaning, otherwise we will fall into the logical fallacy of covering our ears and stealing bells. Here the "white horse" is the white horse, an animal with specific attributes. "Horse" is the animal of horses, which is a general term for a group of organisms limited to the level of "species".

The key to understanding this discourse is to understand its logical conjunction "non";

The "not" here means "not", and the meaning of "is" is multiple, including "belonging", "equal", etc., and there is a logical relationship between "containing" and "equivalent". The concept of "white horse" belongs to "horse", but it is not equivalent to "horse".

The story of the white horse not the horse.

One day, Gongsun Long rode a white horse to Hangu Pass, but was stopped by the officials. Gongsun Long defended: "The white horse is not a horse, why can't you pass the test?" The official said, "A white horse is a horse."

Gongsun Long said: "'Horse' refers to the name, and 'white' refers to the color, and the name and the color are not the same concept. This is to say that white is the common characteristic of all white, not horses, and horses are common to all horses, not white.

White horse refers to the commonality of white plus the commonality of horses. So a white horse is not a horse. The more the officials listened, the more confused they became, like falling into the clouds and fog, and they didn't know how to answer, so they had to let Gongsun Long and Baima pass the customs.

White horses are not horsesThe embodiment is a philosophical principle: from the perspective of pursuing the truth of things, we must know their original meaning, and we must not fall into the logical error of covering our ears and stealing bells. White horses are not horses are actually the embodiment of "semantic fallacy".

In the middle of the Warring States period in China, Gongsun Long of Zhao State put forward the proposition of sophistry in the "White Horse Treatise", which violated materialist dialectics.

But philosophy does not deny the application of "white horses and non-horses" in specific situations and cultural contexts. The white horse refers to the white horse, and the "horse" represents the general term for the creature horse, and the key to this logical proposition lies in the conjunction "not". The appellation "white horse" implies that there is a connection between it and "horse", but the judgment of "non-horse" defends the general inertia of logic.

Gongsun Long said, "Therefore, you can be a person who has a horse, and only a horse is a horse, and a white horse is a horse." In this way, the White Horse Treatise severes the connection between the subject and the narrative in a proposition. From this metaphysics.

inevitably regarded the general as an independent and self-existing entity, and as a result, objective idealism was introduced.

The proposition that "white horses are not horses" originally started from a certain understanding of dialectics, and the result was transformed into the opposite of dialectics.

"White Horse Not Horse" embodies the philosophical idea of the debate between name and reality. The proposition of "white horses are not horses" was originally a proposition that was first put forward by the children of Jixia during the Warring States period. And what its original intention was, future generations have no way to investigate.

It can be said that from "a white horse is a horse" to "a white horse is not a horse", it is the performance of the art of sophistry from a low-level stage to an advanced stage.

Origin of "White Horse Not Horse".

Gongsun Long, with his sophistry of white horses and non-horses, left many Confucians speechless. Later, it was said that Gongsun Long passed the customs, and the official said:

As is customary, the passer can, but the horse cannot. Gongsun Long said that the white horse is not a horse, and after some argumentation, the official nodded again and again, and said: "What you say is very reasonable, please pay for the horse."

This allusion is also similar to playing the harp to the cow.

The horse is the unity of the universal and the particular.

Hakuba has a special character, a personality.

The error of the proposition "white horse is not horse" lies in the dialectical relationship between the universal and the particular, the common and the individual, the general and the individual, the abstract and the concrete. Dialectics holds that particularity is inseparable from universality, and that things, no matter how special, can be grouped into one category.