Is there a result of the debate on white horses not horses ? White horses are not horses?

Metaphysical questions.

White horses are horses.

White horses are not horses? The error lies in the separation of the abstract and concrete relations of things. Because the foothold of the white horse is still on the horse, the white horse is a kind of horse, and it cannot only be understood abstractly, and "white horse" negates this objective fact.

Philosophically speaking, in the face of the exposition of "white horses are not horses", we must first understand its original meaning, otherwise we will fall into the logical fallacy of covering our ears and stealing bells. Here the "white horse" is the white horse, an animal with specific attributes. "Horse" is the animal of horses, which is a general term for a group of organisms limited to the level of "species".

Philosophical Explanations of White Horses and Non-Horses:

Philosophy pursues the truth of things, and in the face of the discourse of "white horses are not horses", we must first understand its original meaning, otherwise we will fall into the logical fallacy of covering our ears and stealing bells. Here the "white horse" is the white horse, an animal with specific attributes.

"Horse" is the animal of horses, which is a general term for a group of organisms limited to the level of "species". The key to understanding this discourse lies in understanding its logical conjunction "non", where "non" means "not", and the meaning of "is" is multiple, including "belongs", "equal", etc., and there is a logical relationship between "contains" and "equivalent to". The concept of "white horse" belongs to "horse", but it is not equivalent to "horse".

That's right. The white horse is not a horse is the famous view of Gongsun Long, a representative of the pre-Qin dynasty, and has long been ridiculed by everyone for thinking that Gongsun Long is playing sophistry. In fact, if you take a look at Gongsun Long's "On the White Horse", you will find that the white horse is not a horse is indeed right, and the fault is only our translation process.

In the text, what Gongsun Long discusses is actually that "white horse" and "horse have different meanings", and this conclusion is not wrong. Today, when logic is more developed, we can further complement Gongsun Long's views:

"White horse" has a different meaning from "horse", and white horse is a type of horse. Due to the limitation of the level of logic at that time, Gongsun Long failed to put forward the second half of the sentence, but he never denied it, he only emphasized the first half of the sentence repeatedly.

Therefore, after reading "The White Horse", we can know that "white horses are not horses" should be interpreted as: "white horses" and "horses" have different meanings. This view is obviously correct, and it is by no means sophistry.

Generally we translate this sentence as "a white horse is not a horse", which is actually a mistranslation.

The theory of white horses and non-horses is the relationship between the particularity and universality of contradictions in dialectics, and the commonality cannot be ignored because of the characteristics.

The universality of contradictions is that contradictions exist in all things, in the whole process of the development of all things, the old contradictions are solved, and new contradictions arise again. Things are always in motion in contradiction. Contradictions are universal, but the contradictions of different things are specific and special.

The particularity of contradiction refers to the contradiction of concrete things in their movement and the characteristics of each contradiction. Specifically, it is manifested in three situations:

First, the contradictions of different things have their own characteristics;

Second, the contradictions of the same thing have different characteristics in different development processes and stages of development;

Third, the many contradictions that make up things and the different aspects of each contradiction have different natures, statuses, and functions.

Answer A Any thing is the unity of contradictory particularity and universality, and the white horse has both the particularity of contradiction and the commonality (universality) of horses, which is the unity of contradictory particularity and universality, and the white horse non-horse theorists have separated the unity of the two.