How the original inhabitants invented pottery

In the early days of primitive society, it was a matriarchal clan society with women as the main body, and the production of pottery was mainly undertaken by women. Small pottery is formed by hand, and large pottery is formed by clay strips: first the mud is kneaded into a clay strip circle and stacked on the upper layer, and then the inner and outer walls are flattened to make a blank shape.

It is also known as the mud strip plate construction method! Among them, the mud strip disc construction method is the most used method, and it lasts for a long time. In the Yangshao culture period, the molding technology progressed, and began to use a rotating round wooden plate (potter's wheel) to build the billet or trim the mouth edge of the billet

This method is called slow wheel trimming. In addition, the further development of the Dawenkou cultural period was the wheel system! Pottery entered the stage of wheel making, and the social division of labor changed, at this time, men participated in pottery making, and then became the main force of pottery!

Let's talk about the key Hemudu culture is the earliest primitive culture in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Even earlier than the Yangshao culture in the Yellow River Basin, Majiayao and Qijia culture! Pottery features:

It is made by hand in a single clay and mixed with burnt plant ash and chaff. The firing temperature is between 830 and 930 degrees! At first, the ancestors first adopted the method of open-air firewood and grass stacking!

That is: lay firewood and grass on the open space, stack the pottery blank, and then cover the firewood and grass around for about 3 to 8 hours, and cover the pottery with thick grass ash after the ceasefire. Due to the difficulty of controlling the temperature rise and fall of open-air firing, most of the pottery burned is reddish-brown or gray-brown!

With the understanding of fire by the ancestors, it gradually developed from the open-air firewood and grass accumulation method to the horizontal pit kiln and later the vertical pit kiln!

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The production of Chinese pottery has a history of more than 10,000 years. In primitive times, our ancestors lived near the water, there were no wells, and containers were needed to hold the water. After humans use fire, they often apply clay to easily flammable containers to prevent fire.

Soon, it was discovered that clay was a good vessel in itself after it was burned by fire. In this way, pottery was produced.

The advent of pottery marked the beginning of the Neolithic Age. It has greatly improved the living conditions of mankind and opened up a new era in human history. Clay is a clay containing iron, with yellow-brown, gray-white, red-purple and other colors, with plasticity, and is the best raw material for firing pottery.

Pottery is made of clay, processed and shaped by hand-kneading, wheeling, molding, etc., and then roasted at high temperatures. Pottery has a strong breath of life and a unique artistic style, and has a variety of expressions, which is an important milestone in the process of human civilization.

As one of the four ancient civilizations, China has made outstanding contributions to the progress and development of human society. Among them, the invention and development of pottery is of more unique significance. With the continuous progress of society, the quality of pottery has gradually improved.

During the Shang Dynasty, there were already types of work specializing in pottery production in China. Shang Dynasty pottery is divided into stoneware and fine pottery, white or colored, unglazed or glazed, red pottery, painted pottery, black pottery, gray pottery, white pottery, etc. In the Shang Dynasty, only slave-owning nobles could use bronze ware, and pottery was still indispensable for most commoners.

On the west side of Minggong Road in Zhengzhou today, there is a large-scale early Shang pottery workshop. In an area of about 1,400 square meters, 14 pottery kilns were found. The clever Shang Dynasty slaves found that the porcelain made by mixing porcelain clay and kaolin was better, more beautiful, and more durable than pottery, and was called primitive porcelain in the history of ceramics.

The primitive porcelain of the early Shang dynasty is close to the general porcelain, indicating that in the early Shang era more than 3,000 years ago, there was already porcelain in China. In the late Shang period, two kinds of ceramics emerged, one was carved white pottery, and the other was ceramic Ming ware. Carved white pottery was a treasure at that time, and it was also the exclusive product of slave owners and nobles, while Ming ware was a ceramic item used by people in the underworld in the imagination.

Ceramics is an important symbol of the development of human civilization, and it is the first time that human beings use natural substances to create a brand-new thing according to their own will, thus opening a new chapter in the use of nature and transforming nature, which has great epoch-making historical significance.

Primitive pottery was produced in the Eastern Han Dynasty, when the primitive pottery made was relatively rough but could also represent the culture and civilization of the time. The pattern decoration on the top of the original pottery belongs to the art of carving, the original pottery is not easy to mold, the style type is relatively simple, and the color is relatively single.

Pottery appeared at the end of the Paleolithic and the beginning of the Neolithic period (10,000 years ago), and the production surplus, agricultural production, settled life, cooked food, etc., provided a large demand for this new pottery, and the use of fire and the plasticity of soil provided technical support for the production of pottery.

Produced in the Neolithic period; It is widely distributed, and the nature of raw materials has been changed in production, which is mainly divided into plain pottery, painted pottery, and painted pottery.

The process of making pottery is very complex. When making pottery, it is first necessary to collect some special clay, chemically treat the clay, and add special materials, and the treated soil is molded by a machine or kneaded by hand to make various shapes, and then placed in a high-temperature furnace to heat until it is formed, and finally glazed. So that a piece of pottery is ready.

The earliest pottery found in China was in the patrilineal clan period of the primitive society 6,000 years ago, and the varieties at this time were extremely rich, which shows that the pottery industry at that time had reached a fairly high level.

But, when was pottery invented? And who is the inventor? This issue has been very controversial in academic circles. There are several main sayings:

The first theory is that the earliest pottery was made by the Shennong clan around 3000 BC. Confucius's Book of Yi Zhou records that Shennong used pottery to cultivate the fields. Of course, people are still exploring whether Shennong's family really exists, but it is a fact that the ancients used pottery as farming tools.

The second theory is that the Suiren clan made the pottery. It is said that the Suiren clan invented the story of drilling wood for fire and knotting ropes. It is also doubtful whether the Suiren clan had a name, but it is possible that the invention of pottery was made during the period of drilling wood for fire and knotting ropes.

The third theory is that Yu Shun invented pottery. There is a record of Yu Shun making pottery on the riverside in the "Historical Records", which seems to be more credible.

In addition, many scholars have pointed out that pottery was not invented by a specific person, but the product of gradual improvement by countless ancestors in production practice.

The history of pottery is very long, dating back to 6000 B.C., because there are relevant books that recorded that the earliest appeared in that period.

A1From 5000 to 6000 years ago, mankind entered the prosperous stage of matriarchal clan communes, and the Yangshao culture in the Yellow River Valley appeared as a painted pottery culture. So pottery first appeared in the Neolithic period.

2.Early porcelain was nothing more than a type of glazed pottery, also known as primitive celadon. From the middle of the Shang Dynasty to the late Eastern Han Dynasty, it was a transitional stage from the development of pottery to porcelain.

The original celadon unearthed in the Shang Dynasty, that is, glazed pottery. 3.At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, celadon ware with bright glaze and pure texture was unearthed, and the real porcelain in China appeared in the Eastern Han Dynasty.

4.The porcelain industry in the Tang Dynasty has become an independent production sector, with Yue kiln celadon, Xing kiln white porcelain, etc. In the late Tang Dynasty, Changsha copper kiln pioneered underglaze painting.

5.During the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, pastel porcelain developed, and Yongzheng reached the peak of the mole peak.

Judging from the unearthed cultural relics and historical documents, pottery was invented by humans in the Neolithic Age, and the earliest unearthed pottery appeared in 6000 BC.

According to historical records, the earliest pottery appeared 10,000 years ago and was first discovered in Japan.

In the primitive society, due to the low productivity of the production force, the production of Xiaokong blind pottery is mostly practical, so there are also many big feet, such as few types, the production is not exquisite, the hardness is not enough and other shortcomings.

In the primitive society, the knife played a very big role, because the intimacy at that time was relatively lacking in filial piety, so the pottery played an important role, because the pottery was planted up to be relatively simple or single fragile, at that time in a large number of use of Qiaoyuan annihilation, but the disadvantage is that it is more fragile.

The firing pottery is painted with colored paints, and the colors only float on the surface and tend to fall off.

1.The invention of pottery is an important symbol of the development of human civilization, and it is the first time that human beings have used natural objects to create a brand-new thing according to their own will.

2.It has opened a new chapter in the use and transformation of nature by human beings, and is of great epoch-making significance.

3.The advent of pottery marked the beginning of the Neolithic Age.

4.The invention of pottery has also greatly improved the living conditions of human beings and opened up a new era in the history of human development.

1.Pottery is one of the symbols of the Neolithic Age and one of the signs of the progress of human civilization.

2.Secondly, the invention of pottery enabled human beings to change not only the shape of matter but also the structure of matter for the first time, creating something that is completely absent in nature.

The invention of pottery had a profound impact on the production, life and social organization of ancient people, making the social and economic form transition from gathering, fishing and hunting to agriculture (including animal husbandry), and promoting human society from the "age of ignorance" to the "age of barbarism". It embodies the understanding and grasp of human beings on water, earth and fire, opens a precedent for national traditional culture, lays the foundation for future architecture, sculpture and arts and crafts, and is an important symbol of the development of Neolithic human civilization.

It is an important symbol of the development of human civilization.

The level of craftsmanship has reached new heights.

Porcelain is one of the great inventions of the ancient working people of our country, and its influence is so great that it has spread all over the world, which is an undeniable historical fact and recognized by all countries in the world. However, there are different opinions about the specific time when porcelain was invented in China. Some people abroad deliberately postponed it, and some people even said that there was real porcelain in China in the Song Dynasty.

This can only be ignorance of the history of ceramic craftsmanship in our country. Opinions on this issue are also inconsistent within the country. There could be two reasons for this disagreement:

One is that China's underground cultural relics are very rich, and the successive unearthing of cultural relics has constantly changed our understanding. In the past ten years, through the excavation of the ruins of the Shang and Zhou dynasties in the Yellow River basin and south of the Yangtze River, the time of the appearance of primitive porcelain in China has been advanced (the Shang and Zhou dynasties more than 3,000 years ago). For another example, the celadon of the Yue kiln of the Eastern Han Dynasty unearthed at the site of the Xiaoxiantan kiln in Shangyu, Zhejiang Province, is the earliest porcelain we have found.

Therefore, the invention of porcelain in China was advanced (1,700 years ago). Judging from the appearance of these porcelains, the porcelain-making technology at this time has reached a fairly high level, and it is conceivable that mature porcelain is likely to have appeared long before the Eastern Han Dynasty.

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Relative to porcelain, China is the undisputed inventor. Pottery has been found in the Neo-Paleolithic Age in all countries of the world, when people.

There is no exchange of classes with each other, so there is no authoritative view of which country invented it, with the current archaeological discoveries, China is undoubtedly the earliest, Judging from the pottery shards of the late Paleolithic period found in the Nihewan area of Yangyuan County, Hebei Province, the production of pottery in China has a long history of more than 11,700 years.

It is undoubtedly the pottery invented by the Chinese, and it is one of the four major inventions! We are proud of our country