Seek advice on the pattern of the Song Dynasty Briefly explain the economic situation of the Song Dy

After the death of Taizu, his younger brother Taizong succeeded to the throne, and at that time China's pattern was divided into the Northern Song Dynasty, Liao, Western Xia, Tubo, Dali and other countries; The world pattern is more chaotic, and Central Asia and Europe are all in the medieval period of city-state chaos; Although the Northern Song Dynasty had just been founded at that time, after all, China had been governed by the Tang Dynasty, and society, science and technology, and literature had always been in the leading position in the world.

Later Taizong succeeded to the throne, conquered the Liao State in the north, and was defeated in the Beijing-Tianjin region, and the Later Song Dynasty has not been able to unify the north. However, the Song Dynasty was extremely prosperous in literature, science and technology, and economy, with unimpeded shipping, artillery, and papermaking, all of which were invented at that time.

1. Commercial cities: Kaifeng and Lin'an. After Hangzhou was changed to the capital Lin'an, the prosperity far exceeded that of Kaifeng in the Northern Song Dynasty. There are morning markets and night markets, breaking the restrictions of the city and the square.

2. External**: The Song Dynasty overseas ** exceeded the previous generation, Guangzhou and Quanzhou were large commercial ports, **encouraged overseas**, and set up a city to manage the outside world**; The external revenue of the Southern Song Dynasty is the main part of the fiscal revenue.

3. In the early Northern Song Dynasty, Jiaozi appeared in Sichuan, which was the earliest paper money in the world, which was conducive to commercial development.

1. The retro ideas of Liu Kai and others in the early Song Dynasty, the popularity of pavilion singing and white style poetry. Then came the rise and fall of the late Tang Dynasty and the Xikun style.

2. Liu Yong et al.'s new words have opened up a new realm of words.

3. During the reign of Song Renzong, after the black innovation of the previous literati, Ouyang Xiu created a new reform situation of prose, poetry, and four or six pairs. There are also creative innovations of literati such as Wang Anshi.

4. When he came to Su Shi, he promoted the peak of Song Dynasty literature.

5. At the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, Huang Tingjian's Jiangxi poetry school prevailed for a while.

6. In the middle and late Northern Song Dynasty, the hungry poems of Zhou Bangyan and Yan Xiaoshan, Qin Guan and others in the Huang Tingjian era were also all the rage.

7. After the southern crossing, Li Qingzhao, Yue Fei, and other words surged up.

8. Before and after Jingkang, the poems of patriotic lyricists such as Lu You and Xin Qiji shined.

9. After Xin Qiji's death, the Southern Song Dynasty literary circle, Jiang Kui, Wu Wenying and others sang and wrote poetry.

The law governing the "city" in the Qin Dynasty stipulated that the price of goods must be clearly marked. Those who are engaged in handicrafts and government ** must put money in front of them when they receive money, and those who violate the law are punished.

In the Han Dynasty, the "city" of the centralized ** had a special management agency, and the ** of the "city" set up pavilions, and there were doors and walls on all sides. Chang'an, the capital of the Western Han Dynasty, has nine official "cities".

During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, folk bazaars - "grass markets" were naturally formed in some locations that were a little far away from the town and had convenient transportation. The "grass market" is also administratively managed.

The role of the "grass market" in the Tang Dynasty has been very significant. The "night market" in the Tang Dynasty was also relatively prosperous.

1. Reason:

From the perspective of the domestic situation, the rapid development of the southern economy in the Song Dynasty and the shift of China's economic center of gravity to the south became the basis for the active development of overseas in the Song Dynasty.

From the perspective of the international environment, after the middle of the Tang Dynasty, Arab merchants continued to open up trade routes to the east, and more and more entered and exited China's coastal ports. Objectively, it has created a favorable international business environment for foreign economic exchanges between the two Song Dynasty.

Judging from the policies of the two Song Dynasty, they actively support businessmen to carry out foreign affairs.

From the point of view of technical conditions, the improvement of shipbuilding technology at that time, the use of the compass in navigation, and the understanding and use of wind direction, etc., the progress of these navigation technologies was an important reason for the prosperity of overseas in the Song Dynasty.

From the perspective of geographical conditions, from the Anshi Rebellion of the Tang Dynasty to the Song Dynasty, ethnic minorities such as Tubo, Khitan, Dangxiang, and Jurchen rose one after another, controlling the Hexi Corridor in the northwest, so the Tang and Song dynasties were hindered and interrupted by land contacts with West Asia and European countries, and the sea routes in Southeast Asia became the inevitable choice of the Song Dynasty's foreign exchanges.

2. Overview: Performance: By the time of the Southern Song Dynasty, there were more than 50 countries that came to trade by sea; There are many first-class ports on the southeast coast, among which Guangzhou, Quanzhou and Mingzhou are the three famous foreign trade ports.

The government has set up a municipal shipping department in the ** port to manage ** affairs and collect commercial taxes; The port where the city port is located also has a "Banbo" for foreign merchants and a "Banshi" for the trading of goods.

Contents: Overseas ** in the Song Dynasty, the imported goods mainly include spices, treasures, medicinal materials, etc., and the exported goods are mainly silk fabrics, porcelain, tea, etc.

3. Influence: The overseas ** of the Song Dynasty not only enabled the Song Dynasty to obtain huge financial revenues, but also added vitality to the civilization process of the trading countries.

Overseas**.

Due to the Western Xia blocking the Silk Road in the northwest and the southward shift of the economic center, from the Song Dynasty, the ports on the southeast coast became the new ** center. During the Tang Dynasty, only Guangzhou in the country had a municipal shipping department, which was responsible for foreign trade affairs. The Song Dynasty successively set up municipal shipping divisions in Guangzhou, Lin'an (Hangzhou), Qingyuan (Mingzhou, now Ningbo), Quanzhou, Banqiao Town, Mizhou, Jiaxing (Xiuzhou), Huating County (now Songjiang), Zhenjiang Prefecture, Pingjiang Prefecture (Suzhou), Wenzhou, Jiangyin Jun (now Jiangyin), Jiaxing Prefecture (Xiuzhou), Pengpu Town (now Haiyan), Jiaxing Prefecture (Xiuzhou), Shanghai Town (now downtown Shanghai) and other places to manage overseas**.

4] Among them, Guangzhou, Quanzhou and Mingzhou are the largest. In the late Southern Song Dynasty, Quanzhou became the world's largest port and the starting point of the Maritime Silk Road. In the Song Dynasty, overseas business was divided into two ways: government operation and private business operation, of which private foreign trade accounted for the bulk of the business.

In the third year of Yuanfeng, the Song Dynasty formulated a "Guangzhou City Maritime Law", which was the first law in Chinese history. The various foreign trade ports have also set up "Fan City" in the city to sell foreign goods; "Fanfang" is for foreigners to live in; "Fan Xue" is for the children of foreign businessmen to receive education, and ** has also specially formulated a criminal punishment for Fan businessmen. Now there are still many tombs of feudal lords in Guangzhou and Quanzhou, which have become evidence of the prosperity of overseas at that time.

There are 58 countries in Eurasia, including Champong, Chenla, Sriwijaya, Kelantan, Boni, Balinfeng, Lanwuli, Diche, Sanyu, Dashi, Daqin, Persia, Baida, Majia, Yilu, Gulin, Xilan, Dengliumei, Zhongli, Sgariyah, and Mulanpi[5]. Song Dynasty exports included silk, porcelain, sugar, textiles, tea, and hardware.

Imports include ivory, coral, agate, pearls, frankincense, myrrh, benzoin, pepper, glass, tortoiseshell and hundreds of other goods. [6] The tax revenue obtained by the Song Dynasty from a large number of imported goods through the Shibo Division ranged from 530,000 guan in the Northern Song Dynasty Huangyou (1049-1054) to 630,000 guan in Zhiping (1064-1067) to 2 million guan in Shaoxing (1131-1162) in the Southern Song Dynasty, accounting for about 6% of the country's fiscal revenue, which played an important role in the prosperity of the Song Dynasty.

During the Southern Song Dynasty, the Song Dynasty set up a field at the junction with Jin and Dali to communicate with each other. The Song Dynasty exported medicinal herbs, tea, cotton, rhino horn, ivory, etc., and imported goods such as northern pearls, ginseng, furs, and horses. There is also a large amount of smuggling in the private sector**.

Due to the good credit of copper coins in the Song Dynasty, they were smuggled in large quantities to Southeast Asia and West Asia, and Korea and Japan at that time stopped using their own currencies and switched to Song money.

What is the reason for the prosperity of the Song Dynasty's overseas **? There are five main reasons, and none of them will work.

The Southern Song Dynasty fell in the same year, when China had entered the reign of Kublai Khan of the Yuan Dynasty and the world was influenced by this Mongolian nation at that time was unprecedented, Europe was still in the Middle Ages, darkness and religion coexisted At that time, an Italian young man went to China, lived under the rule of Kublai Khan for many years, and wrote "The Travels of Marco Polo" after returning to China, which made many Europeans yearn for China, and it was also influenced by it to open up new routes in Europe many years later At this time, the mighty Arab Empire was divided into three and gradually declined, as was the Byzantine Empire.