The origin of the book a little less What is the origin of the book? It s best to keep it simple!

As early as more than 3,000 years ago, in the late Yin Dynasty, books about divination appeared on good fortune. At that time, paper had not yet been invented, and people used tortoise shells and animal bones as recording materials to engrave the contents of divination on tortoise shells or animal bones, which was the earliest book --- oracle bone books.

The earliest books in China also include "Jian Ce", "Edition", and "Silk Book". It is made of bamboo" called "Jiance". Break the bamboo tube into a narrow and flat subdivision stick, you can use a pen to write on it, and use it as paper.

A bamboo stick is called "Jane", and many bamboo sticks are connected together called "strategy". "Jian Ce" first appeared in the middle of the Southern Dynasties.

Books made of wood are called "plates". The tree is sawn into several sections, and then the segments are sawn into thin slices, which is called "version", and after writing on the "plate", it is called "plate". Weaving the thin pieces together is called "engraving". "Silk book" is a book written on silk fabric.

Guodian Chu Jian is the earliest original book found in the world so far. A total of 804 pieces, including 726 characters and more than 13,000 characters. After the research and collation of paleographic experts, it is known that all the Guodian Chujian are 18 classics in the pre-Qin period.

Its content is written by both Confucianism and Taoism. Taoist works include "Lao Tzu" (A, B, C) and "Taisheng Shui", and Confucian works include "Tie Yi", "Lu Mu Gong Asks Zi Si", "Poor Reach the Time", "Five Elements", "The Way of Tang Yu", "The Way of Faithfulness", "Cheng Zhi Wenzhi", "Respect for Virtue and Righteousness", "Sexual Pretension", "Six Virtues", and "Language" (four articles). As we all know, Qin Shi Huang's policy of burning books and pit Confucianism caused a large number of academic classics in the pre-Qin period to be burned, but Guodian Chujian was buried deep underground before this, escaped this catastrophe, and was able to see the light of day.

The origin of the book Dream of Red Mansions.

A very long time ago, about the Neolithic Age, there was no writing at that time, many big and small things were passed down orally, and over time things would always be forgotten. The knot represents the little things, and this is what we call the knot note

At that time, there was a similar method to knotting the knot, which was to use a knife to make a notch on the wooden stick, and in the same way, the deeper and larger the notch, the greater the event.

During the Yin Shang period, we found the earliest text oracle bone inscription, this kind of skillful line writing is definitely not the first kind, the oracle bone inscription is engraved on the tortoise shell and animal bones with a knife, mainly for sacrifice and divination, the font has a horn, after carving, punch a hole in the middle and burn it with fire, and judge the good luck and evil according to the pattern.

In the Yin Shang period, China learned to use bronze, bronze and weighing, which was a symbol of the power of the royal nobility, and if there was a major event that needed to be recorded permanently, it was recorded on the bronze vessel, which was called an inscription and also called a golden text, which already had the function of a book.

After a period of time, people split bamboo and wood chips into long and narrow shapes, wrote words with ink on them, then roasted them on the fire, steamed to remove the water, and finally peeled off the green skin of the bamboo surface, which can be punched and strung into a book, which is the earliest form of the book, which was mostly circulated in the Qin and Han dynasties of the Warring States Period.

Cloth is a writing utensil of the same period as bamboo slips, the texture is light and soft, easy to fold, easy to carry, preserve or read, are simpler than the better, so it was valued by the nobles and wealthy during the Spring and Autumn Warring States period, and the use of silk as a material for writing books certainly has many advantages. but the price is too high , the production is limited , and it will not last long , it will be replaced by paper .

In prehistoric times, humans relied on their brains to memorize and use language to transmit knowledge and information.

Writing. Before the development of the right to make paper, our ancestors had to remember, first painted on the ground, trees or stones, and later engraved on the tortoiseshell animal bones for easy carrying, called "oracle bone inscription". In 1800, China unearthed a large number of oracle bones of the Yin Shang period in Xiaotun Village, Anyang County, Henan Province, which are engraved with the oldest characters, and it can also be said that these oracle bones are the most primitive book prototypes in China, and these things have a history of more than 3,500 years.

The book of oracle bones, copied in the late Yin Dynasty more than 3,000 years ago, when the paper has not yet been issued, people take materials on the spot, take turtle zhi shell and animal bones as materials, and engrave the content on the turtle dao shell or animal bones, this is the book of oracle bones. Books of StoneIn ancient times, stone was also used as writing material, and even entire works or writings were engraved on stone. The book of the slips is a general name for the bamboo slips and wooden slips with words written on the ancient relics of our country.

The silk is a silk fabric, soft and smooth, easy to ink, the length and width of the width can be cut according to the number of words, and can be folded or rolled up at will, easy to carry, can make up for the Jane. In the early days of the invention of paper, paper books did not completely replace the simple and silk books, but the three were used together. In addition, there are printed books from the Song to Qing dynasties to modern e-books.

The original book.

After ancient civilizations created the writing system, words were engraved on stones, clay, bark, and metal sheets used to write. Forms such as inscriptions or inscriptions occupy the vast majority of history. 5,000 years ago, the alphabet appeared in Egypt.

The ancient Egyptians wrote on sedges, a plant that grows along the Nile, and this book made of papyrus is the earliest book ever discovered. Initially, the words are not separated, and there is no punctuation; Sometimes the order is from right to left, sometimes from left to right, or even in turns. This type of writing in turn is called ploughing ox calligraphy, just like a farmer ploughing the field with an ox.

Tablet Books Tablet Books are made with a sturdy and durable writing medium, suitable for communication and writing.

Clay tablets, as the name suggests, are flat, dry clay tablets that are easy to carry and marked with a pointed pen (possibly wet). From the Bronze Age to the Iron Age, it was a medium for writing, especially cuneiform.

A wax board is a wooden board coated with enough wax that a pointed pen can write on. They are all common writing materials in school, accounting, and note-taking. Wax plates have the advantage of being reusable, and wax can be melted and reshaped.

Tying some wax plates together may be one of the prototypes of modern books, such as manuscripts.

By the 1st century AD, Greece and Rome used animal skins to record important content such as the laws and history of the state, and were as important forms of ancient books as the oracle bone inscriptions of the Shang Dynasty in China. Before the invention of printing, copies of books were made by hand in bold text, which was quite expensive and labor-intensive. In the Middle Ages, only a few churches, universities, aristocrats, and ** had the application of books.

It was not until the invention of Bisheng printing in the 10th century that books were widely disseminated as an affordable item for ordinary people. In the 1990s, with the popularization of the Internet, books have gotten rid of the limitations of paper, and e-books have become the development trend of future books with the advantages of small space, easy to disseminate and easy to preserve.

Whether ancient or modern, Chinese or foreign, people always give the highest affirmation and special care to books. Handmade paper is particularly suitable for Chinese painting and calligraphy, and is divided into two types: raw Xuan and cooked Xuan.

Many great creations of human beings have gone through a long process of development, and have gathered the efforts of countless people to grow and expand all the time, and books are no exception. Taking China as an example, it has a history of development of at least 3,500 years, and the wisdom and labor invested by the people during this period are even more incomparable. Books have been created and improved again and again to have what they are today.

Generally speaking, the development of books can be traced in history, with the exception of some books produced for special purposes. In the early days, when people interacted with each other, they may have only used gestures or volume as a medium. Subsequently, from the accumulation of experience, some fixed syllables were determined to represent a specific meaning, so that human beings stepped out of the era of silence and entered a society without words.

With language, human beings often use memory to memorize what they hear, and then repeat it to others; Or the ideals in the heart, personal experience, through words. This purpose and method is similar to the function of future books, so it can be called oral transmission of living books. Human memory is limited in the end, and sometimes it is even more distorted, and the living book passed down orally must have many defects.

As a result, intelligent human beings have invented many ways to help memory, the most representative of which is knotting. The size, tightness, number and color of the knotted rope are used to express various meanings, which can be called rope writing.

Jomon can be transmitted to distant places and can be preserved for a long time, and it has some advantages over language. However, in the end, due to its limited style changes, it cannot meet the needs of human society in rapid progress. Therefore, human beings began to improve again, from the nature of imitation, to depict external images and simplify them, to transform them into simple images, and then use them as symbols of imagery.

This kind of picture has the prototype of writing, and it is generally called text painting. Later, after further improvement and evolution, it gradually became a stereotyped hieroglyph. After a long period of development, countless fonts have finally been created for people to use.

The emergence of writing not only opened up a new realm for human civilization, but also laid a solid foundation for books. Chinese writing was developed before the writing of memories. Most of the oracle bones of the Shang Dynasty were questions, and the words of the chronicle were rare.

The two weeks of Jin Wen are also mostly based on memorization. It wasn't until the Warring States period that the chronicle made great progress. In ancient times, the language was probably one, and what was spoken and written could be called "words".

We call divination "ci", and most of the "Shangshu" is actually "ci". We believe that these words are all "Yayan" at that time, that is, the official or Mandarin language of the time. But in later generations, this kind of official or Mandarin has become an ancient language.

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