The concept of psychological assessment, the purpose and significance of psychological assessment

Psychological assessment refers to the assessment of various psychological and behavioral problems, using professional psychological methods and techniques to make corresponding judgments on the client's psychological condition, personality characteristics and mental health, and making correct explanations when necessary, on the basis of which comprehensive analysis and appraisal are carried out.

Common methods of psychological assessment are as follows:

1.Survey method: including historical investigation and current situation investigation.

Historical surveys mainly include archival materials, documentary materials, and surveys from people who know the past experiences of the assessee.

The current situation survey includes the assessee himself or herself and those around him/her"Insider", such as classmates, colleagues, parents, relatives and friends, teachers, leaders, siblings, etc. In addition to general inquiries, surveys can also be conducted in the form of questionnaires.

2.Observational method: A method of psychological assessment through direct or indirect observation or observation (through photographic and video recording equipment) of the behavior of the person being assessed. The observation method can be divided into two forms: natural observation and controlled observation.

The former refers to the observation of the assessee's behavior in the natural context (e.g., home, school, kindergarten or work environment) in the manner and objectives of the assessee, without interference from the observer.

The latter refers to observations made in pre-defined situations.

3.Interview method: It is a face-to-face language communication and is one of the most commonly used basic methods in psychological evaluation. There are two types of talks: free-style talks and structured talks.

In the former, the conversation is open-ended, the atmosphere is more relaxed, and the assessee is less constrained and can express himself freely.

The latter has a certain structure and procedure pre-set according to the specific purpose, and the content of the conversation is limited, which is more efficient.

Talks are an interactive process. It is important for the evaluator to master and use the interview skills correctly. Negotiation skills include both verbal and non-verbal communication (e.g., facial expressions, gestures, etc.).

In verbal communication, both listening and speaking. In non-verbal communication, expressions and postures such as smiling, nodding, staring, leaning forward can be used to express the acceptance, affirmation, attention, encouragement and other thoughts and feelings of the assessee, so as to promote the cooperation of the assessee, inspire and guide him (her), and lead the problem to depth.

4.Work analysis method: the cultural creations such as diaries, letters, pictures, and crafts made by the assessee also include the things and things he or she has done in the process of life and labor.

By analyzing these works (products), it is possible to effectively assess their psychological level and psychological state, and can be used as an objective basis for retention.

5.Psychological tests: such as intelligence, personality, special abilities, symptom assessment, etc.

A psychological assessment is a diagnostic problem, helping you identify the internal and external causes and severity of your current problems, and develop a personalized solution.

The main purpose of the psychological assessment:

Evaluate the psychological process of patients in the process of disease occurrence and development, find existing or potential psychological and mental health problems, and provide scientific basis for psychological and spiritual health care.

Significance of Psychological Assessment:

In nursing psychology, psychological assessment can evaluate the characteristics of an individual or group of people related to the disease; assessment of psychological processes in the development of the disease; Evaluate the psychological and behavioral characteristics of patients with various diseases and their occurrence and development; To evaluate the influence of various psychological characteristics and psychosocial factors on the occurrence, development and prognosis of the individual.

To assess the effectiveness of psychological care techniques in the course of illness and their interaction with psychosocial influencing factors; To evaluate the influence of personality and psychological characteristics of nursing staff on their work, so as to better improve the quality of nursing care and service level.

Principles of Psychological Assessment:

1. Principle of flexibility: Flexibility has two meanings. First, the evaluation process should flexibly use a variety of assessment methods; Second, in psychological counseling, the counselor needs to use a variety of psychological counseling theories to put forward various possible hypotheses about the client's psychological problems.

2. Procedural principle: the counselor should make it clear that psychological assessment is a process, from the beginning to the end of the consultation, the counselor is to gradually understand the client, and with the progress of the consultation, the counselor constantly puts forward and revises the assumptions about the client's problems or counseling plan.

3. The principle of co-participation: the process of psychological counselors, counselors and clients participating together, psychological assessment is not a single aspect of work, and the tools, methods and objectives of the assessment need to be agreed upon.

Psychological assessment is based on the theories and methods of psychology to make an assessment of people's psychological phenomena and levels. The concept of "psychological diagnosis" is sometimes used in medical psychology. Psychological diagnosis is to make psychological judgments and identifications of people with psychological problems or disorders.

The role of psychological assessment in medical psychology is very important, a large field of medical psychology is clinical psychology, and the two basic tasks of clinical psychology: one is clinical psychological assessment, and the other is psychological intervention (such as psychological ** or psychological counseling, etc.). Obviously, psychological assessment is an important premise and basis for psychological intervention, and psychological evaluation can also determine the effect of psychological intervention.

In other fields of medical psychology, such as nursing psychology, the study of psychosomatic diseases, health psychology, etc., psychological assessment also plays a great role. Whether it is psychosomatic diseases or physical diseases caused by physicochemical and biological factors, patients will have different degrees of psychological problems or psychological disorders before and during the onset of the disease, and the grasp and understanding of these problems is crucial for psychological care, and it is also an important aspect of prevention and prevention of psychosomatic diseases. Psychological evaluation is also needed to maintain and promote the mental health of a normal population.

Firstly, to understand the psychological characteristics of different individuals, we can use the method of psychological assessment, so that we can provide targeted guidance on mental health for different groups of people. Secondly, the research and evaluation of some unhealthy behaviors and the impact on individual psychological aspects also need to use psychological assessment methods, which can play a great role in changing some people's bad health behaviors and promoting them to maintain their mental health.

These include thoughts, motivations, emotions, mental states, personality types, stress levels, and coping abilities.

The main purpose of psychological assessment is to evaluate the psychological process of patients in the process of disease occurrence and development, to discover existing or potential psychological and spiritual health problems, and to provide scientific basis for psychological and mental health care.

Psychological assessment is divided into broad and narrow senses, and psychological assessment in the broad sense refers to the assessment of various psychological and behavioral problems, which can be used in fields such as medicine, psychology and sociology. It is mainly used to assess behavioral and cognitive abilities.

Personality traits and individual and group traits help in making judgments, decisions about people. Psychological assessment in the narrow sense, also known as clinical assessment, refers to the use of professional psychological methods and techniques in the field of psychological clinical and counseling to evaluate the client's psychological condition, personality characteristics and mental health.

Make corresponding judgments, make correct explanations when necessary, and conduct comprehensive analysis and appraisal on this basis, so as to provide the necessary prerequisites and guarantees for psychological counseling and **. Different stages of evaluation.

Psychological assessment at the intake stage.

The assessment task at this stage is to collect the relevant information of the visitor, and have a preliminary judgment on the visitor's problem status and background information to identify whether the visitor accepts the psychological counseling and ** that the institution can provide, especially for those who have obvious mental illness characteristics and need the intervention of professional medical institutions, they need to be evaluated and referred by Ran Hongxing.

Psychological assessment at the beginning of the consultation.

In the early stage of psychological counseling, through acceptance and initial interviews, the counselor is mainly evaluated in three aspects.

1) Assessment of the client's basic information: name, gender, personal experience, family environment, education level and whether he is taking psychotropic drugs.

Wait; 2) the evaluation of this and the main problems, psychological state, etc.;

3) Assessment of the client's main problems and psychological state.

Psychological assessment in the middle of the consultation.

With the development of psychological counseling, assessment has become particularly important. One of the prerequisites for the success of psychological counseling is that the counselor should clarify the direction, goals and plans of the counseling, and in the process of counseling, the counselor needs to agree with the client on the goals of the counseling and the adjustment of the goals in the later stage, which are based on the psychological assessment.

Post-counseling psychological assessment.

At the end of the session, when the relationship is coming to an end, a psychological assessment can be used to consolidate the client's problem-solving.

1) The counselor needs to assess whether the goals of the counseling have been achieved, and if the client does not make positive changes, he or she needs to reflect on the counseling relationship and counseling goals throughout the counseling process and make adjustments.

2) The counselor will inform the client of the results of the assessment, so that the client can clarify his own changes, and promote the consolidation and resolution of the problem.

3) Counselor assessment to assess whether the client has a sense of dependence on the counselor and a sense of loss at the end of the consultation.

The methods of psychological assessment mainly include observation, interview, and psychological Sun Ming test, which are described in detail as follows:

1. Natural observation method: It is the most basic and common method of psychological assessment, which has the characteristics of convenient and flexible hands, and has very important practical value in clinical diagnosis and efficacy determination. Since this form of observation is the observation of the client's natural manifestations, the client is not influenced, intervened or controlled by the outside world and is in a special state of mind and body, thus ensuring that the results of the observation in the real state are obtained.

2. Controlled observation method: also known as simulated observation, refers to the evaluator setting a certain situation and controlling the conditions of the visitor, and observing the behavior change of the visitor in such a situation. Controlled observation is often used for anxiety-related behaviors, such as in the avoidance behavior test, in which a client with a phobia is asked to approach or share a room with the object of his fear, and the evaluator observes the distance between the client and the object of fear and the amount of time spent with him.

3. Interview method: The interview method, also known as the interview method or interview method, is a method of collecting case materials or understanding certain people, certain things or certain behaviors and attitudes through the conversation between the evaluator and the visitor, using questions or questionnaires. In the clinical application of psychological counseling, the most commonly used are evaluative talk and ** sex talk.

Here we focus on evaluative talks.

1) Psychological assessment refers to the basis for targeted mental health education. Mental health education, psychological counseling and counseling is a highly individualized educational work, and in order to carry out targeted work and formulate a correct counseling and counseling program, it is necessary first.

Correctly identify the crux of the individual's problem. Understand the characteristics of his environment and accurately grasp his unique concept of understanding the world.

2) Psychological assessment is a tool to detect the effectiveness of mental health education. Psychological assessment is not only a tool to solve the mental health level and behavioral performance of individuals, but also a tool to evaluate the performance of mental health education. The effectiveness of mental health education can only be learned from the students.

It is confirmed that the psychological symptoms of the person or group are reduced and the mental quality of the psychosocks is improved.