What is the theoretical basis for the aseptic procedure

The technique used to prevent microorganisms from entering human tissues or other aseptic areas is called aseptic processing.

1. Kill microorganisms such as bacteria and viruses on the interface before operation.

2. During the operation, the interface is isolated from the outside world to avoid the invasion of microorganisms.

The basic microbiology technology that kills microorganisms in a certain substance by physical and chemical methods. The thoroughness of sterilization is limited by the sterilization time and the strength of the sterilant. The resistance of microorganisms to sterilants depends on the density of the population originally presented, the resistance given to the culture by the culture, or the environment.

Sterilization is a necessary condition for obtaining pure culture and is an essential technology in the food industry and in the pharmaceutical field.

Heat sterilization uses high temperature to denature all proteins in microbial cells, and enzyme activity disappears, resulting in cell death. There are usually dry heat, moist heat and batch heat sterilization.

Dry heat sterilization uses a flame to burn microorganisms directly (e.g., burning inoculation rings, glass slides, test tube mouths, etc.). Items that cannot be sterilized by flame are sterilized with hot air, and the items are heated to 160 170 for 90 minutes in an oven for 90 minutes, and this method is suitable for glass, metal and wood utensils.

Moist heat sterilization is sterilized by boiling water, steam, and vapor under pressure. Pasteurization is moist heat sterilization, this method has two ways, low temperature and long-term treatment: under the treatment for 30 minutes; High temperature short time treatment:

Treat at or slightly higher for 15 min. In the above methods, the effect of steam pressure sterilization is the best, which can be sterilized by atmospheric steam or sterilized in a high-pressure steam pot (generally using 1 kg cm2), and its vapor temperature can reach 121, which can kill all heat-resistant spores within 30 minutes. However, for some substances that are easily destroyed by high pressure, such as some sugars or organic nitrogenous compounds, it is advisable to sterilize them under a pressure of 110 cm 2 (110) for 15 to 30 minutes.

Intermittent sterilization is a method of steam sterilization once a day for 3 consecutive days. This method is suitable for substances that cannot withstand temperatures above 100 degrees and some sugars or proteins. Generally, it is sterilized with steam at normal atmospheric pressure for 1 hour.

The sterilization temperature does not exceed 100, which will not cause the destruction of sugars and other substances, and can kill the spores germinated during the intermittent culture, so as to achieve the purpose of complete sterilization.

Radiation sterilization is a method of sterilization using radiation under certain conditions. Ultraviolet rays are more commonly used, but ionizing radiation (rays accelerate neutrons, etc.). Lasers with wavelengths between 25,000 and 80,000 nm also have a strong germicidal ability, with wavelengths of 26,500 nm being the most effective.

Radiation sterilization is limited to a certain material, and it is difficult to use it widely due to the complexity of the equipment required.

Osmolality sterilization is a method of sterilization using a high osmolality solution. In a high concentration of salt or sugar solution, the cells are separated from the plasma wall due to dehydration, and cannot carry out normal metabolism, resulting in the death of microorganisms. Chemical Sterilization Most chemical agents have an antibacterial effect at low concentrations and bactericidal effects at high concentrations.

5 carbolic acid, 70 ethanol and ethylene glycol are commonly used. Chemical sterilants must be volatile in order to remove residual drug residues from the sterilized material.

The concepts of sterility that should be followed in the operation of aseptic technology are: aseptic technique, sterile items, sterile area, non-sterile area, relative sterile area and contaminated items.

1. Aseptic technique refers to the operation technology and management methods that prevent all microorganisms from invading the body and keep sterile goods and sterile areas from being contaminated in the process of performing medical and nursing technology.

2. Aseptic supply After physical or chemical sterilization, the uncontaminated goods are called sterile articles.

3. Aseptic area The area that has been sterilized and is not contaminated is called the sterile area.

4. Non-aseptic area (non-aseptic area) Unsterilized or contaminated items or areas after sterilization are called non-sterile items or areas.

5. Relative aseptic area The relative aseptic area refers to the sterile item once it is taken out of the sterile container, it is considered to be relatively sterile and cannot be put back. The edge of the sterile zone is 3cm inward, which is the relative sterile zone.

6. InfectantContaminated goods refer to items that have not been sterilized, or are contaminated after sterilization.

Aseptic operations are a series of first and second operations performed under sterile conditions to ensure that items or the environment are not contaminated by any microorganisms that can be targeted. The principles of aseptic handling and their extension are described below. Principles of aseptic operation:

1.Keep it clean

Keeping the sterile area clean is the first step in aseptic operation. Workers should wear clean work clothes and perform a thorough hand hygiene before entering the sterile area.

2.Use disinfectants

Disinfectants are an essential step in aseptic operations because they effectively kill microorganisms. Choosing the right disinfectant depends on the item. In general, the use of 70% alcohol can effectively kill most bacteria and viruses.

3.Heat sterilization

Heat sterilization is a commonly used aseptic procedure. By killing microorganisms at high temperatures, the sterility of the item can be guaranteed. Commonly used heat sterilization methods are autoclave sterilization and dry heat sterilization.

4.Use sterile equipment

The use of sterile equipment can effectively avoid microbial contamination. Sterile equipment should be prepared under sterile conditions and validated prior to use. When using sterile equipment, contact with non-sterile materials and environments should be avoided.

5.Ensure sterility of the operating area

When performing aseptic procedures, the operating area should be kept sterile. The use of screens or sterile curtains can effectively isolate the operating area from the non-sterile area. During the procedure, direct contact with items and the environment outside the sterile area should be avoided.

Extensions: In addition to the above principles, there are also some extensions that can help improve the effectiveness of aseptic procedures:

1.Air purification

Airborne microorganisms are one of the most common sources of contamination in aseptic operations. The use of high-efficiency air filters can effectively filter microorganisms in the air and reduce the source of pollution.

2.Monitor sterility status

During aseptic procedures, the sterile area and equipment should be monitored for sterility. The sterilization effect of sterile equipment can be verified using biological indicators. Air sampling in sterile areas to detect the number and type of microorganisms in the air can detect the source of contamination in time.

3.Selection of culture species

When performing microbial culture, appropriate media and conditions should be selected. Different microorganisms have different needs for culture media and conditions, and choosing the right culture conditions can improve the culture effect and reduce the possibility of contamination.

Aseptic operation is a professional technique that requires strict adherence to the principles of aseptic operation. Through the correct operation and the application of extended content, the sterility of the goods and the environment can be effectively guaranteed.

The principles of sterility that should be followed during aseptic procedures are as follows:

1. When carrying out aseptic operation, the environment must be cleaned, disinfected regularly, the layout of the items is reasonable, the bacteria and microorganisms are cleaned, the cleaning work should be stopped 30 minutes before the operation, the operation area must be wide and conducive to operation, and the door must be closed in time to avoid the entry of bacteria and microorganisms, and the rigor is carried out in the process of frequent personnel action.

2. Operators must pay attention to their attire, wear sterile gowns, wear masks and hats, trim their nails and wash their hands before operation, and wear sterile gowns and sterile gloves before operation.

3. When performing aseptic operation, the concepts of sterile area, non-sterile area and sterile items should be clarified first.

4. Sterile items must be placed separately from non-sterile items, and there must be obvious signs; Sterile items should not be exposed to the air and should be placed in a sterile bag or sterile container in the banquet hall; The name of the item and the date of sterilization should be marked on the outside of the sterile package, and placed in the order of expiration date; The shelf life of the sterile package is generally 7 days, and it should be re-sterilized after expiration or moisture.

5. When performing aseptic operation, the operator's body should be kept at a certain distance from the sterile area; When picking up and placing items without vanilla, they should face the sterile area; Sterile forceps should be used when using sterile items;

Sterile items should not be touched by the arm; Once the sterile item is taken out, it cannot be put back into the sterile container; Avoid coughing and sneezing in the sterile area; If the material is suspected to be contaminated or has been contaminated, it should be replaced and re-sterilized; Non-sterile items should be kept away from the sterile area. A sterile set of supplies is to be used only once by one patient. to prevent cross-infection.

Answer]: a. Aseptic operation method refers to an operation method or technology that uses or controls the world to control certain conditions in the whole operation process to avoid microbial contamination and return to the product.

Aseptic operation refers to a way of operating in an environment free of microorganisms and bacteria, so aseptic operation should follow the following principles:

Clause. 1. When carrying out aseptic operation, the environment must be cleaned, the bacteria and microorganisms must be removed, the operation area must be wide and conducive to operation, and the door must be closed in time to avoid the entry of bacteria and microorganisms.

Clause. 2. Operators must pay attention to their attire, wear sterile clothing, wear masks and hats, wash their hands before operation, and wear sterile gloves before operation.

Clause. 3. Sterile items must be stored in a sterile environment and containers to avoid contact with bacteria and microorganisms. Clause.

4. A set of sterile supplies is only for one person, not for multiple people, to avoid cross-infection.

1. Keep sterile items and sterile areas from being contaminated, so that the sterilized items remain sterile.

2. Prevent all microorganisms from invading the body or spreading to others.

Evaluation: 1. The operating environment is clean, spacious, bright, and regularly disinfected;

2. The operating table is clean and dry, and the layout of the items is reasonable;

3. Half an hour before aseptic operation, the cleaning work should be stopped to reduce the movement of personnel and avoid dust.