What is the process and key points of making simple specimens?

The process of making a specimen is tedious and complex, giving it a new life and a new meaning.

How to make it:

1) Tool preparation: absorbent paper, specimen holder, collection bag, record book, number plate, table paper (white, 40 cm long, 27 m wide, cardboard).

2) Specimen collection.

1. Collect specimens and strive to be complete. (stems, leaves, flowers, fruits).

2. The record should be detailed when collecting.

3. Hang up the tag in time.

4. Put the specimen into the collection bag.

c) Specimen suppression.

1. Pruning: bad, dirty leaves; Plants whose leaves are easy to fall off can be soaked in boiling water for 1 minute before drying.

2. Pressing: Spread several layers of absorbent paper on the specimen, clamp it with a specimen clip, and dry it in a ventilated place.

3. Change paper: change paper once a day to keep the color of the specimen.

4) Specimen making.

2. Upper paper: The specimen is spread on the table paper, and the leaves are arranged evenly so that the same specimen can see the shape of the front and back leaves at the same time.

3. Fixation: paste the specimen with transparent glue: the width of the transparent glue is the most beautiful.

4. Labeling: Label in the lower right corner. Contents: Name of the specimen, collection location, collection time.

Theme: Exhibition of the primary colors of plants, now a strong sense of spring.

Objective: To learn how to collect plants and make wax leaf specimens.

Utensils: collection box (or plastic bag), specimen clip, pruning shears, digging shovel, rope, number plate, label, paper that is easy to absorb water (straw paper or old newspaper), table paper, cover paper, tweezers, pencil.

Method steps: 1. Collection of plant specimens (when encountering precious and rare plants, not only do not collect, but also protect them).

1 Herbaceous plants, which should be collected with as many roots, stems, leaves, flowers or fruits as possible.

2 Woody plants, branches with leaves, flowers or fruits should be collected.

3. Label the collected specimens.

4 Gently place the collected specimen into the collection box (or plastic bag).

5 When collecting specimens, pay attention to safety. Do not eat indiscriminately to prevent poisoning. Second, the production of leaf specimens.

2. Preparation of plant wax leaf specimens.

1. Place the sorted specimen on several layers of easily absorbent paper as soon as possible, flatten the front of the leaves and flowers upwards (to flatten the backs of a few leaves and flowers upwards), and then cover them with several layers of paper.

2. Stack the specimens layer by layer, clamp and tie them tightly with specimen clips, and put them in a ventilated place in the shade.

3. At regular intervals, replace the tide paper in the specimen holder with dry paper, and at the same time shape the specimen to dry the specimen as soon as possible.

4. Fix the dried specimen on the table paper with a thread or paper strip, label it, and then attach the cover paper.

Make a taxidermy. If it can be summed up, it is probably picking, pressing, making labels and preserving. The following is a detailed introduction to the basic steps of making specimens.

Preparation of vegetal pressed specimens:

1.Prune the branches and leaves that are too dense on the plant body, and cut the section of the branch into a beveled opening.

2.Plus numbered labels.

3.Put 2 or 3 pieces of dry absorbent paper or old newspaper on one side of the specimen holder, and then lay the plants flat on it, and fold the plants that are too long into a V-shaped or N-shape, with the principle of not exceeding the size of a piece of paper.

4.Adjust the position of the branches and leaves to show the characteristics of each part as much as possible.

5.The old newspaper is folded and placed on both sides of the thicker parts such as roots, stems or fruits, so that the force of each part of the plant is evenly applied under pressure.

6.Cover with 2 or 3 sheets of dry absorbent paper or old newspaper.

7.Press and stack several specimens in the same way, and then cover the other specimen folder when the appropriate height is reached.

8.Press the specimen clamp down and flatten it with force and tie it tightly with a rope.

9.Drying: Early drying of specimens is done by replacing dry absorbent paper or old newspaper daily until the specimen is completely dry.

Today's herbarium uses a simple specimen grill with a 60W bulb to bake. Or the specimen can be dried in a recirculating oven at about 50 degrees Celsius. The baking time depends on the material and quantity of the plant, generally 2 to 3 days can be completely dry, and the plant with more water content will take longer.

Disinfection Specimens collected in the wild inevitably carry insect eggs or fungi and other microscopic organisms, and if not removed, the specimens can be easily damaged by moths. Specimen disinfection can be carried out by placing the specimen in a freezer at -40 degrees Celsius for 2 to 3 days to kill the carrying organisms at low temperatures. In addition, after the specimen is bound and the specimen is taken out for inquiry, it must be frozen before it can be put back into the specimen cabinet.

First, soak the insect in hot water to soften, then take it out, return it to soften, and absorb the moisture on the surface of the insect. The insect needle is then pricked at the shoulder of the insect's right wing, penetrates the body, and is inserted into a foam board.

Finally, take out the insect needle, fix the insect legs, fix it, place it in a cool and dry environment for 7 days, and after 7 days, insert the specimen box, and the specimen is ready.

How to preserve insect and animal specimens.

Insect and animal specimens must be placed in the specimen box and stored with medicine. Especially during the rainy season, try not to open the box, check it after the rainy season, and add moisture-proof, insect-proof and anti-mildew agents at any time. Once insect pests are found, they should be fumigated with pesticides in time.

Specimen production is a common technique in biology, medical research, and education. Here are some of the requirements for making specimens:

1. Select suitable specimens: Specimens should be normal, complete, representative, and not affected by lesions and destruction.

2. Correct sampling method: In order to maintain the natural form and structure of the specimen, it is necessary to standardize the use of methods, such as avoiding multiple breaks as much as possible, and ensuring the cleaning and disinfection of sampling equipment.

3. Proper handling: It should be handled according to the type of specimen and the given purpose. Steps such as corrosion protection, immobilization, dyeing, and coating are often required, while excessive or under-handling is required to avoid damage or distortion.

5. Safety and environmental protection: Specimens may spread infectious pathogens or harmful gases, and measures need to be taken to treat them equally efficiently, such as installing exhaust devices, regular disinfection, etc.

In short, the production of specimens needs to pay attention to many subsections of Xu Dailu, emphasizing the requirements of standardization, accuracy, safety and environmental protection. In addition to meeting the needs of existing research, experiments, and education, specimen production of technical specifications is also an important basis for long-term data management and sharing of biological samples.