How does a telescope work, what is the principle of a telescope

I'm an incompetent astronomy fan, so let me explain your problem briefly. The main reasons why telescopes can see distant objects clearly are the following points: light gathering ability, magnification, and resolution. The reason why we see the change of light and shade of the object is mainly determined by the amount of photons entering the optic nerve in the region, so to observe the darker object, this requires a stronger light-gathering ability to enhance the amount of photons in the area, which requires a large-diameter lens (in the lens ignition paper experiment, it can be clearly seen that there are multiple light areas in the sun, the sunlight on the ground outside the lens, the shadow of the lens and the spotlight, you can find that the shadow of the lens is much darker than the sunlight on the ground outside, The spot is much brighter than the sunlight on the ground outside, which means that the lens concentrates the photons on the lens to the ** area, so the unexpected area is darkened due to the decrease in the amount of photons, so that the larger the mirror diameter, the more photons in the ** area, and the greater the energy).

The focal point of the lens is not an ideal point, but a clear image plane, beyond which photons begin to diverge, in other words, become less bright. The main function of the telescope is to focus the light from a distance onto a picture plane, and the larger the aperture, the brighter the image plane, until the human eye can distinguish the brightness of the image plane. Therefore, astronomical telescopes need large aperture to increase the brightness of the stars.

About magnification and resolution search. Handmade! Just for reference and understanding, don't use it professionally!

The magnified image is seen by refracting light through a lens or reflected by a concave mirror to make it enter a small hole and converge for imagery, and then pass through a magnifying eyepiece.

When it comes to telescopes, they have been very popular since they were launched, and they can see distant objects and know many details. Let's take a look at what the principle of the telescope belongs to?

Many new types of telescopes were invented in the 20th century, including radio telescopes in the 30s of the 20th century and infrared telescopes in the 1960s. Now, the term "telescope" refers to a variety of instruments capable of detecting different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum and, in some cases, other types of detectors.

A telescope is an optical instrument that uses the arrangement of lenses, curved mirrors, and lenses, or various devices used to observe distant objects by emitting, absorbing, or reflecting electromagnetic radiation. The first known practical telescope was a refracting telescope using a glass lens, invented in the Netherlands in the early 17th century. They found applications in both terrestrial applications and astronomy.

Reflecting telescopes, which use mirrors to collect and focus light, were the first refracting telescopes to be invented within a few decades.

As wavelengths increase, it becomes easier to interact with electromagnetic radiation using antenna technology, although it is possible to make very tiny antennas. Near-return-infrared can be collected like visible light, but in the far-infrared and submillimeter-wave ranges, telescopes work more like radio telescopes. In addition, using reflective optics, the Hubble Space Telescope can observe in a frequency range from ultraviolet to infrared.

The 20th century also saw the development of telescopes, which operate in a wide range of wavelengths, from radio to gamma rays. The first Bischer radio telescope was built and put into service in 1937. Since then, many complex astronomical instruments have been developed.

The name "telescope" encompasses a wide variety of instruments. Most detect electromagnetic radiation, but astronomers have to collect light in different frequency bands with great differences.

A telescope is an instrument that uses optical or other electromagnetic waves to image, mainly for observing celestial objects at long distances. The principle can be divided into two types: reflective and refractive.

Principle of reflecting telescopes: Reflecting telescopes use mirrors to reflect light rays from celestial bodies to the imaging plane to form an image of celestial objects. The main component of this type of telescope is a mirror, which is usually in a parabolic or hyperboloid shape.

When light hits a mirror, it is reflected to a subfocal point and then to the imaging plane. Thanks to this principle, reflecting telescopes are able to observe distant objects with high resolution and spectral sensitivity.

Refracting telescope principle: A refracting telescope uses a lens to refract light from a celestial body onto an imaging plane to form an image of a celestial body. The main component of this type of telescope is a convex lens, which focuses light from celestial objects on the focal point and then images it through an amplifier or projector.

Refracting telescopes can observe a wide range of celestial bodies, such as planets, nebulae, etc., and are suitable for astrometry and determining the position of the Earth.

In general, the principle of a telescope is to apply the principle of convex lens or mirror imaging to reflect or refract the light of a celestial body onto the imaging plane to form an image of a celestial body. These principles are widely used in astronomy, earth science, military, aerospace, medicine, and other fields.

Categories: Education Science >>>> College Entrance Examination Analysis: Common telescopes can be simply divided into Galilean telescopes, Kepler telescopes, and Newtonian telescopes.

The telescope invented by Galileo occupies an important place in the history of human understanding of nature. It consists of a concave lens (eyepiece) and a convex lens (objective). Its advantage is that it has a simple structure and can be directly formed into a positive image.

However, since the invention of the Kepler telescope, this structure has not been used by professional-grade telescopes, and the demolition of tung is mostly used by toy-grade telescopes, so it has been called a drama viewing mirror by Lunatan.

Kepler telescope: The principle consists of two convex lenses. Because there is a real image between the two, the reticle can be easily installed, and various properties are excellent, so at present, military telescopes, small astronomical telescopes and other professional-grade telescopes are all using this structure.

But this structural imaging is inverted, so add a positive image system in the middle.

Orthographic systems are divided into two categories: prism orthogonal systems and lens orthographic systems. Our common typical binoculars with wide front and narrow back use both a double right-angle prism orthographic system.

The advantage of such a system is that the optical axis is folded twice at the same time as the orthogram, which greatly reduces the volume and weight of the telescope. The lens orthodography system uses a complex set of lenses to invert the image, which is more expensive, but the Russian 20 50 three-section telescopic classical monocular adopts both a well-designed lens orthodoxy system.

Newton's invention of the reflective telescope was mostly used in large base mirrors, so I will not repeat it here.