What is the current state of quantum theory?

Quantum theory is one of the two cornerstones of modern physics. Quantum theory offers new ways of seeing, thinking, and expressing the natural world. Quantum theory reveals the basic laws of the microscopic material world, and lays a theoretical foundation for atomic physics, solid state physics, nuclear physics, particle physics, and modern information technology.

It can well explain the structure of atoms, the regularity of atomic spectrum, the properties of chemical elements, the absorption and radiation of light, the infinite separability of particles and the carrying of information. In particular, its openness and uncertainty inspire more human discoveries and creations. Everyone is familiar with the wave-particle duality of light, and we all know that the interference experiment of light double slit proves the property of light with waves, and the experimental result is that after the light passes through the double slit, the interference fringes are produced on the screen behind it.

The process of creating quantum theory is a magnificent epic. In 1900, in order to overcome the difficulty of classical theory to explain the law of black-body radiation, Planck introduced the concept of energy subons, which laid the cornerstone for quantum theory. Subsequently, Einstein proposed the optical quantum hypothesis in view of the contradiction between the photoelectric effect experiment and the classical theory, and successfully applied the concept of energy particles in the problem of specific heat of solids, which opened up the situation for the development of quantum theory.

In 1913, Bohr used the concept of quantization on the basis of Rutherford's nuclear model to put forward Bohr's atomic theory, which gave a satisfactory explanation of the hydrogen spectrum, making the quantum theory a preliminary victory. Subsequently, Bohr, Sommerfeld and other physicists put a lot of effort into developing quantum theory, but they encountered serious difficulties, and the old quantum theory fell into trouble. Change the experimental conditions:

What would be the result if only one light particle was emitted at a time? Will there be streaks on the screen like wave interference (if the particle is not affected by other particles, according to the classical theory, the particle should repeat the previous path)?As a result, even if only one light particle is emitted at a time, the particle will still interfere (the location of the image appears as a probability, which cannot be explained by classical theory).

In 1926, Schrödinger discovered that wave dynamics and matrix mechanics are mathematically equivalent, so they are collectively called quantum mechanics, and Schrödinger's wave equation is easier to understand than Heisenberg's matrix, becoming the basic equation of quantum mechanics. In 1928, Dirac applied the theory of relativity to quantum mechanics, and through the development of Heisenberg, Pauli and others, quantum electrodynamics was formed, which studies the interaction between electromagnetic fields and charged particles. In 1947, the experiment discovered the Lamb shift.

In 1948-1949, Richard Phillips Feynman, Schwinger and Shinichiro Asaga used the concept of renormalization to develop quantum electrodynamics, which led to the 1965 Nobel Prize in Physics. Heisenberg's uncertainty principle is one of the most important principles in quantum theory. The original uncertainty principle stated that it was not possible to accurately measure the momentum and position of a particle at the same time, because during the measurement the instrument interfered with the measurement process, and the measurement of its momentum would change its position, and vice versa.

This leads to the key point of quantum theory:"In the microcosm, God is also playing with dice"(Uncertainty Principle). In 1923, de Broglie proposed the matter wave hypothesis, applying wave-particle duality to particle beams such as electrons, and developing quantum theory to a new level.

From 1925 to 1926, Schrödinger took the lead in successfully establishing the wave equation of electrons along the concept of matter waves, found a basic formula for quantum theory, and thus created wave dynamics. Almost at the same time as Schrödinger, Heisenberg wrote the following"A reinterpretation of quantum theory on the relationship between kinematics and mechanics"He created a matrix method to solve quantum wave theory. In September 1925, Born collaborated with another physicist, Jordain, to develop Heisenberg's ideas into a systematic theory of matrix mechanics.

Soon, Dirac refined the mathematical form of matrix mechanics into a conceptually complete and logically self-consistent theoretical system.

Technologies related to quantum mechanics have been used since the middle of the last century, but quantum computers are still in the research stage, only a few prototypes have appeared, but they are still far from commercialization, let alone any actual products.

Let's start with the applications of quantum mechanics. It is no exaggeration to say that without quantum mechanics there would be no modern scientific and technological life; It is also no exaggeration to say that each of us is enjoying the benefits that come with the full development of quantum mechanics. This benefit is the invention of the transistor.

The modern information society is full of smart devices: computers, smartphones, microrobots, and more. The most basic units of operation in the information age are 0 and 1.

And the most basic hardware that does this is the transistor. When we take apart our smartphones, we see a lot of intricate chips, which are formed by integrating many micro- and nano-level transistors into one piece.

Therefore, whether the technology related to quantum mechanics has been applied to life, the answer is very positive. In addition to transistors, there are many such as superconductors, solar cells and so on. The successful use of these examples is all due to the effects of quantum mechanics.

In recent years, with the further development of quantum mechanics and the promotion of quantum mechanics, the concept of "quantum" has been spread to a wider public. As a result, some products of many companies began to rub hot spots, and any kind of product wore a "quantum" hat. Some of these are actually quantum effects, and some of them have nothing to do with quantum mechanics at all.

Quantum computers are a concept that has been hyped up in recent years. But one of the most basic facts is that there are no commercially available quantum computers yet, and all the concepts that people are talking about about quantum computers are still in the basic stages of research. This field of research is known as "quantum computing".

So since this is the case, there is no "business" about quantum computers for the time being.

Quantum technology is a new term, it feels very far away from ordinary people, and when quantum technology enters the lives of ordinary people, it is estimated that it will take another decade or two.

The mature application of establishing an entangled state between photons separated by a long distance, the mature mastery of the preparation and manipulation of multiphoton entanglement, the placement of equipment made by quantum technology on alien planets, and the placement of equipment made by quantum technology according to the different submarine topography of troughs and coral reefs, so that we can use the equipment to give us outer space in a three-dimensional holographic way, and give us the colorful underwater world, just like watching CCTV at home.

In recent years, China's research in the field of "quantum communication" has been reported frequently. However, there are also various "pseudo-innovative" products that hype the concept of "quantum technology" in the market, and even the relatives of Academician Pan Jianwei, the leader of quantum science and technology in China, have been deceived!

Quantum technology is already being applied in our lives, such as common electronic devices, and we have been using quantum technology in the form of household appliances such as toasters. When we are toasting bread in the toaster, we notice a red light emitted because of quantum physics. The heating element glows red, and the hot object emits light, which is the reason why quantum physics came about.

There are also sensors, and everyone loves to capture their precious moments, so most of us carry a digital camera with us. In a digital camera, the lens collects photons and focuses them on a sensor that emits electrons through energy level manipulation in semiconductors. The rules of semiconductors are dictated by quantum physics, bringing a second use case for quantum technology.

In fact, there are many applications.

Quantum technology has not yet appeared in our lives.

Faster-than-light communication (currently in the experimental phase, please be patient).

Is quantum technology present in our lives now? Yes, the project was released on February 19 for the first time to successfully measure some quantum effects in the energy structure of hydrogen atoms, and the measurement results are very normal, and the hydrogen utility theory is consistent with the **, which is a more accurate measurement in the future. This rate quantum.

Xiu Yinghe. Other. Quantum paved the way.

Quantum technology is now almost beginning to be used in life.

In the past ten years of clinical application, due to its non-invasiveness, good reproducibility and low cost, quantum detection is now becoming an effective screening method before diagnosis, and is gradually promoted and applied in hospitals in large and medium-sized cities. Quantum detection has been applied in tumor-related research, hematological tumor detection, ** disease, and allergen screening.

Yes, the measurement technology has appeared in our lives, and many technological products are quantum technology, such as thermos cups, electric frying pans, and many other products, all of which have been used in quantum technology.

"Quantum" technology has not been applied to life.

The current research on quantum technology mainly focuses on quantum communication, quantum computers and quantum precision detection, and has not yet been related to daily necessities. The "Mozi Salon" wrote: There is no logic in the accumulation of terms, there is no scientific literature to support it, and there is no experimental data that can prove the effect.

At present, quantum technology has not yet appeared in our lives, and it is more of a frequently mentioned concept on the Internet. In real life, the public has not seen the application of real quantum technology.

Quantum technology is already present in our lives. Just like some cosmetics now use quantum technology, China's research in the field of "quantum communication" is frequent. But now there are also various "pseudo-innovative" products on the market that hype the concept of "quantum technology", especially in health care, there are many elderly people who have been fooled, so we must learn more about learning to distinguish.

Quantum technology can be said to be ubiquitous in life!

Because quantum technology has guided the discovery and improvement of semiconductors and influenced the development of the entire information age, it can be said that the mobile phones and computers you use now are all products of quantum technology.

No, in 2016, China's Greater China Micius satellite was launched, which is China's first quantum satellite and the world's first quantum satellite.

However, the capabilities of Micius are still relatively limited, it is a low-orbit satellite, the coverage area and communication capabilities are very limited, and it can only be used at night. But as long as the door to quantum technology is opened, the rest of the work will be much smoother.

Not long ago, our scientists designed and built a quantum computer, although its ability is only equivalent to our ordinary digital addition, subtraction, multiplication and division computer, but with a good start, as long as our scientists continue to tackle key problems, the civilian use of mature quantum computers will not be too far away.

According to the current state of development, I believe that within ten years, quantum technology will be applied to the military, thanks to the high secrecy of quantum communication, the army with quantum technology will be like a tiger with wings, ordinary binary computer encryption anything, in front of the quantum computer, like a piece of paper, in front of the sharp tip of the knife is vulnerable, cracking any code is still in no man's land. Of course, when everyone uses quantum technology, cracking is another matter.

About 20 years, I believe that quantum technology can be civilian, when the time comes, our computers, mobile phones, are all applied to quantum technology, what large-scale 3D games, what burns the operation of the graphics card, are all floating clouds, even if it is like the current hot Bitcoin, a quantum computer can easily dig and play Bitcoin. Its computing power is tens of thousands of times that of ordinary computers, and it is more than that.

With quantum technology, our lives will also change a lot, such as weather forecasts will be more accurate, and maybe they can be found by accurately simulating the movement of the earth.

Be patient, although we are not scientists, we can't help scientists in their research, but we can work hard to create more wealth for the country, and when the country is rich, there will be funds for scientists to carry out various research activities, in order to let us use quantum computers one day earlier, work hard, maybe quantum computers will be very expensive, hurry up and save money.

Quantum technology does not seem to have been seen in the lives of ordinary people, and quantum technology as a sophisticated and complex technology may not be so fast to be fully applied to normal life, at least it will take several years to have the point we imagined, but technology is developing rapidly, and no one can tell how long it will take to see the application of quantum technology in life.

Quantum technology is a new technology that our country is proud of, and its invention can be said to be a cutting-edge technology, which many countries have not yet mastered, even Europe and the United States, so I think there may be a long way to go before quantum technology can be applied to our lives.

The term quantum computing has been in our textbooks since high school, but the true role of quantum may be unknown to most people. Quantum computing is a new computing mode that follows the laws of quantum mechanics to regulate quantum information units for calculation. It has the potential to fundamentally change the traditional way information is processed.

Two properties of quantum behavior, namely superposition and entanglement, give quantum computers the ability to solve problems that current conventional or conventional machines are powerless:

Overlay Traditional computers use binary bits that contain only "1" or "0". Quantum computers, on the other hand, use qubits, which can describe "1", "0", or any combination of possible states of qubits (called "superposition"). Thus, a quantum computer with n qubits superimposes each other with these qubits, creating 2n possibilities.

This gives quantum computers an exponential number of states and is therefore able to solve certain types of problems more efficiently than traditional computers.

Entangled in the quantum world, even two qubits light years apart can still act in a strongly correlated manner. It is with this entanglement that quantum computing takes advantage of the interdependence between qubits to solve problems. Quantum's superposition and entanglement properties enable quantum computers to quickly investigate a range of possibilities to identify what will help drive business value.

Because quantum computers of the future will be able to compute certain problems exponentially faster than classical computers, they are expected to solve extremely complex business problems. Despite the limitations of traditional computers, quantum computers will not completely replace them in the foreseeable future. On the contrary, hybrid computers that combine quantum and traditional architectures are expected to surface and "outsource" some of the problems to quantum computers.