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+ 8Hno3(dilute) == 3Cu(NO3)2 + 2NO +4H2O This is the fourth section of non-metals and their compounds Nitric acid.
Cu + 4Hno3 (concentrated) == Cu(No3)2 + 2No2 +2H2O
AlCl3+4NaOH=Naalo2+3NaCl+2H2O Note: The reaction of carbon and oxygen (insufficient) 2C+O2==== 2CO (Let's say this is the third year of junior high school, not the equation of the first year of high school).
Reaction of carbon with oxygen (sufficient) c+O2==== These of the reaction of sodium CO2 and oxygen are not considered to be different in "quantity" when conditions exist.
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It is very telling that the reaction between aluminum chloride and sodium hydroxide is the formation of aluminum hydroxide and sodium metaaluminate; There is also the ability to generate such as bicarbonate, hydrogen phosphate, bisulfite... reactions.
alcl3+3naoh=al(oh)3+3nacl alcl3+4naoh=naalo2+3nacl+2h2o
I won't write anything else, so let's practice on my own, hehe.
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Carbon and oxygen reactions.
Sodium and oxygen react.
Concentrated sulfuric acid (dilute sulfuric acid) reacts with metals. Too much.
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Sodium carbonate with calcium hydroxide.
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To summarize as follows, the general formula is mainly used, and the chemical formula can be substituted according to the actual situation ([within the reaction conditions)].
1. Alkane RH reacts with X2, RH+ X2 Rx+Hx (R represents alkane group, X=Cl, Br, I, the same below) [light].
2. Aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzene, toluene) and x2 are substituted on the benzene ring (PH represents phenyl C6H5, the same below) PHH+ X2 C6H5X+Hx [Febr3Fe].
3. Aromatic hydrocarbons (such as toluene) and x2 replace phch2+x2 phchx+hx [light] on the branched chain
4. Aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzene, toluene) and concentrated nitric acid nitrification reaction PHH + Hno3 C6 H 5NO2 + H2O [(written above the arrow) concentrated sulfuric acid, (written below the arrow) heated (generally 55 60 degrees Celsius)].
5. Sulfonation of aromatic hydrocarbons (such as benzene) and concentrated sulfuric acid PHH+ H2SO4 C6 H 5SO3+H2O [heating (generally 70 80 degrees Celsius)].
6. Hydrolysis of halogenated hydrocarbons Rx + NaOH roh + Nax [(write above the arrow) H2O, (write below the arrow) heating].
7. Substitution reaction of alcohol RoH and Hx RoH + Hx Rx + H2O [heating].
8. Intermolecular dehydration of alcohol RoH (such as ethanol) into ether R-OH + R'-OH R-O-R' + H2O [(written above the arrow) concentrated sulfuric acid, (written below the arrow) 140].
9. Carboxylic acid R(Cooh)N and alcohol R(OH)N (N is a positive integer) undergo esterification reaction, such as RcoOH + R'OH Rcoor' + H2O [(write above the arrow) concentrated sulfuric acid, (write below the arrow) heating, the arrow is a reversible sign].
10. Hydrolysis of ester rcoor' rcoor' + H2O rcooh + r'OH [(written above the arrow) dilute sulfuric acid, (written below the arrow) heated, the arrow is reversible].
or rcoor'+ naoh rcoona+r'oh [heat].
11. Phenol reacts with concentrated bromine water phoh + 3br2 tribromophenol (chemical formula written by yourself) + 3HBR [unconditional, but it should be noted that it is very concentrated bromine water, and tribromophenol should be precipitated symbol].
12. Hydrolysis of disaccharides.
C12H22O11+H2O C6H12O6+C6H12O6 [dilute acid solution enzyme].
Sucrose, fructose, glucose.
C12H22O11+H2O2C6H12O6 [dilute acid shed solution enzyme].
Maltose: Grape Qibichase.
13. Proteolysis [dilute acid high skin solution alkaline solution enzyme].
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(1) Reaction of copper and nitric acid: Cu + 4Hno3 (concentrated) ==Cu (NO3) 2 + 2NO2 + 2H2O3Cu + 8Hno3 (dilute) == 3Cu (NO3) 2 + 2 No + 4H2O (2) Iron and copper oxide reaction: 2Cuo + Fe = = Co-heating) Feo + Cu2OCuo + Fe = = Co-heating) Feo + Cu (3) Chlorine reaction with caustic potassium:
Cl2+2koh (cold dilution) ==KCLO+KCl+H2O3Cl....
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1. ATP synthesis reaction equation:
Lu Limeng ATP ADP + PI + energy.
2. Photosynthetic reaction:
The total reaction equation is: 6CO2+12H2O C6H12O6+6H2O+6O2
Step-by-step reaction: Light reaction: 2H2O4[H]+O2ADP+PI+ energy co-bridge ATP
nadp++2e+h+ →nadph
Dark reaction: CO2+C5 2C3
c3 → c6h12o6+c5
3. Respiratory response:
1) Aerobic Respiration Total Response Equation:
C6H12O6+6H2O+6O2 6CO2+12H2O+ Energy.
Step-by-step reaction: C6H12O6 2 C3H4O3+4[H]+2ATP (site: cytoplasmic matrix).
2 C3H4O3+6H2O 6CO2+20[H]+2ATP (site: mitochondria).
24[H]+6 O2 12H2O+34ATP (Place: Mitochondria) 2) Anaerobic Respiration Response Equation: (Place:
Cytoplasmic matrix) C6H12O6 2 C2H5OH+2CO2+2ATPC6H12O6 2C3H6O3+2ATP4, AA condensation reaction: N AA N peptide + (N-1)H2O5, Nitrogen fixation reaction: N2 + E + H+ + ATP NH3 + ADP + PI
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I remember that the first compulsory course was a few equations for photosynthesis and respiration. Isn't it in the book?
Aerobic respiration: Phase 1 C6H12O6 enzyme cytoplasmic matrix = 2 pyruvate + 4 [H] + a small amount of energy.
The second stage 2 pyruvate (this can be omitted to write the chemical formula) + 6H2O enzyme site (the same below): mitochondrial matrix = 6CO2 + 20 [H] + a small amount of energy.
The third stage 24[H]+6O2 enzyme inner mitochondrial membrane = 12H2O+ a lot of energy.
Total C6H12O6 (generally glucose) + O2 (condition: enzyme) CO2 + H2O + energy.
Anaerobic respiration: 1. Plants: C6H12O6 (generally glucose) 2C2H5OH (alcohol) + energy.
2. Animal: C6H12O6 (generally glucose) 2C3H6O3 (lactate) + energy.
Photosynthesis: Light reaction, photolysis of water: 2H2O Conditions: Light O2+4[H].
ADP+PI+Light Energy ATP
Dark reaction, fixation of CO2: C5 (five-carbon compound) + CO2 2C3
Reduction of C3: C3 Conditions: ATP, [H], Enzyme (CH2O) (Organics) + C5 (+H2O) This water can be written or not, Understand it, if you get it, you need to know this.
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It should be the amount of the substance, which is related to the coefficient of the chemical substance.
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The amount of matter is different, the number of particles contained is different, which will lead to the number of particles involved in the reaction, and the reaction will be different.
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Is it necessary to think about this boring question?
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.naoh+hcl=nacl+h2o 1:1:
1:13CO+ Fe2O3 High temperature 2Fe + 3CO2 3:1:
2:32kclo3=2kcl+3o2 2:2:
32h2o2=2h2o+o2 2:2:1 about writing naoh or na+ cl-
The former is a chemical equation.
The latter is an ionic equation, but in the case of insoluble substances or gases, the ionic formula is not written, but the chemical formula.
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