The role of mortise and tenon joints, what is the difference between mortise and tenon joints

Mortise and tenon is called the "soul" of mahogany furniture, the protruding tenon and the concave hole on the wood components, simply bite, the wood components are combined, due to the different forms of the connecting components, which derives a kaleidoscopic combination of ways, so that the mahogany furniture to achieve the perfect unity of function and structure.

Long and short tenons. The long and short tenon is to chisel out two tenons of different lengths in the upper part of the leg, which are connected with the socket on the surface, because the height of the two tenons is different, which can make the connection more stable. Long and short tenons can be used alone, or they can be part of other mortise and tenon joints, such as chuck tenons, shoulder tenons, and hanging tenons will be connected to the surface using long and short tenons.

Long and short tenons are common mortise and tenon structures in the connection between panels and wires.

Wedge nail tenon. Wedge mortise and tenon is a commonly used mortise and tenon structure for connecting arc materials. It cuts the arc wood and embeds it with two upper and lower tenons, and the small tongue on the tenon is inserted into the groove so that it cannot move up and down.

Then cut a square hole in the middle of the lap, and insert a wedge nail with a square cross-section, a slightly thicker side and a slightly thinner wedge through the past, so that it can not move left and right. It is commonly found in the armrests, round sides, circular mud and other parts of the circle chair. Wedge tenon is a common wire connection structure.

Dovetail. Dovetail tenon is a kind of flat timber right-angle connection node, two flat plates are connected at right angles, in order to prevent detachment when tensile force, the tenon is made into a ladder shape, so it is called "dovetail tenon". Dovetails are very common in wooden furniture and are often found in the vertical joints of panels.

Shoulder tenon. The shoulder tenon is one of the mortise and tenon structures commonly used in the furniture with a waist structure, in the upper part of the leg and foot to undertake the part of the waist and the tooth plate, cut out the 45 ° oblique shoulder, and chisel out the triangular hole in the oblique shoulder, the corresponding tooth strip also makes a 45 ° oblique shoulder, and leaves a triangular tenon, two interlocks, tightly seamed.

Wear straps. Straps are common in chair seats, etc. The adjacent thin plate is opened out of the large and small notches at the bottom, and the two plates are put together by the method of pushing and inserting, so that they can not be pulled away from the horizontal direction.

After the combination is glued, open a small and large notch on it, which is embedded with a wooden strip that is a trapezoidal long tenon on one side, that is, the trapezoidal tenon of the belt, the trapezoidal tenon of the belt is slightly wider on one side and slightly narrower on the other, in order to make it wear tightly, the long tenon is pushed from the wide side to the narrow side.

Zongjiao tenon. Zongjiao tenon is mostly used in four-sided flat furniture, and is commonly found in the combination of three square timber lattice corners to form a lattice angle similar to Zongzi corner, and each corner is combined to form six 45° lattice angle obliques. In the production, the mortise and tenon of the three materials is more concentrated, in order to be firm, on the one hand, open the long and short tenons, the use of tenon avoidance production, on the other hand, should consider the appropriate thickness of the material, so as not to affect the strength of the structure.

Chuck tenon. Chuck tenon is a group of mortise and tenon structures that connect the legs, teeth and corners of the table case, the combination of the legs and the surface of the case-shaped knot furniture is not at the four corners, but at some positions where the two ends of the long side are closed, the upper end of the leg and foot opens a long mouth, clamps the tooth strip and the tooth head, and uses the long and short tenon in the upper part to combine with the case surface.

Mortise and tenon splicing is a commonly used mortise and tenon structure for furniture, and the structure is diverse.

Mortise and tenonMortise and tenonThe difference is that the mortise and tenon can be connected without nails, while the mortise and tenon is connected by nails, and the mortise and tenon belongs to the hole type, while the mortise and tenon belongs to the cut type. The mortise and tenon structure is an ancient Chinese building.

This kind of mortise and tenon structure is very common in some furniture making, and simple wooden benches are used in this kind of structure.

The mortise and tenon structure does not use any iron nails, and is reinforced by the tenon and tenon structure, mainly by punching and installing the tenon on the wooden equipment.

There are many kinds of tenons, including shoulder tenons, overlord tenons, chuck tenons, raglan tenons, brown horn tenons, etc. The mortise and tenon joint is an ancient Chinese building.

The structure is very commonly used, in which beams, columns, fangs, backing plates and other components need to be connected with mortise and tenon joints, and in some cases, iron nails will also be used, including notch tenons, tongue tenons, dovetail tenons, belt tenons, tie tenons, etc.

Classification of mortise and tenon joints

Classification, one is mainly the joint of the surface and the surface, it can also be the combination of two sides, and it can also be the junction of the surface and the edge, such as notch tenon, tongue and groove, dovetail tenon, wear with tenon, tie tenon, etc., the other type is as a point of structural method, mainly used for horizontal and vertical timber T-shaped combination, angular combination, cross combination, and the extension joint of straight and arc materials, such as lattice shoulder tenon, double tenon, double clamp tenon, hook tenon, wedge tenon, half tenon, through tenon and so on.

There is also a construction method that combines three components together and connects them to each other.

In addition to the use of some of the above mortise and tenon joint structures, this method is more complex and special practices, such as the common angle tenon, long and short tenon, shoulder tenon, zongjiao tenon, etc.

Its main advantages are as follows:

1. Mortise and tenon structure.

It is a combination of tenon and tenon, and it is an ingenious combination between more and less, high and low, long and short between wooden pieces, which can effectively limit the twisting between wood pieces in all directions. And iron nail connection can't do it. For example, if you use iron nails to make a T-shaped combination of two wooden bars, the vertical and horizontal bars are easily twisted and change the angle, while the mortise and tenon joints are combined to prevent them from being twisted.

2. Metal is easy to rust or oxidize, while real mahogany furniture can be used for more than hundreds of years. If it is combined with iron nails, it is likely that the wood is intact, but the furniture falls apart due to the corrosion, fatigue, and aging of the connected metal.

3. The furniture with mortise and tenon structure is easy to transport. Many mahogany furniture is disassembled and transported, and then assembled and installed at the destination, which is very convenient. If you use iron nails to connect furniture, you can make it into a partial split, but you can't make furniture with a lot of small wooden pieces such as chairs.

4. The furniture with mortise and tenon structure is easy to maintain. Pure mahogany furniture can be used for hundreds of years, and there will always be problems, such as a broken fir that needs to be replaced. Furniture connected with iron nails is not as easy to disassemble and replace as mortise and tenon furniture.

5. High quality mortise and tenon joints. Mahogany wood is hard, while iron nails are wedged into it by squeezing and drilling, and this process is very easy to cause wood splitting, which is very well known to carpenters. The use of mortise and tenon joints to connect mahogany furniture can greatly improve the intrinsic quality of mahogany furniture, which is also an important reason why the mahogany furniture made by traditional craftsmanship has value-added collection value.

What are the benefits of using this mortise and tenon structure? In addition to being time-consuming and labor-intensive, they are all benefits!

The mortise and tenon structure is a clever tight fit between the tenon and tenon, and it is a variety of combinations between more and less, high and low, long and short between the wood, which can effectively limit the twisting between the wood pieces in all directions, and then combine with the ancient adhesive to make it stronger.

It overcomes the shortcomings of the rust of modern metal parts.

The mortise and tenon structure can be made into various combinations, which is convenient for various combinations and transportation.

The mortise and tenon structure is easy to maintain, easy to assemble, and in addition, it also overcomes the shortcomings of the current way of connecting and fastening iron nails to destroy the timber structure.

The reason why mortise and tenon technology has been used for thousands of years does have its advantages. When this type of house is built, it will have a slight deformation; But this deformation not only does not affect its use, beauty, and solidity, but also because of the variability of its component combination, it can adjust the external force, so it is not afraid of disasters such as **.

The design significance of the mortise and tenon of Chinese classical furniture: different from other traditional Chinese handicrafts, such as jade carving, ivory carving, snuff inner painting pot, etc., the mortise and tenon structure is completely skillful, decorated for the sake of decoration, to please people's vision ** and the design of the furniture must meet people's visual beauty, no rent also requires scientific rationality, so that it is durable for a long time. This requires that each wood mortise and tenon must be combined according to the shape of the furniture Qi Qi, from the mechanical bearing capacity of each wood, in the ancient carpentry master years of visual experience, can be accurately judged.

Mortise and tenon structure, ancient Chinese architecture with wood, bricks and tiles as the main building materials, with wood frame structure as the main structural mode, by columns, beams, purlins and other main components of the construction, the nodes between each component to mortise and tenon coincide, constitute a rich elastic and dry character of the frame.

Mortise and tenon joint is a very ingenious invention, this component connection mode, so that the traditional Chinese wood structure has become a special flexible structure beyond the contemporary building frame, frame or rigid frame, which can not only bear a large load, but also allow a certain deformation, under the first load, through the deformation to offset a certain amount of energy, reduce the first response of the structure.

Mortise and tenon structure is an ancient and effective way of building connection, which has the following advantages:1Highly stable:

The mortise and tenon joint structure forms a tight connection by fitting the tenon and the joint of the timber into each other. This type of connection provides excellent stability and load-bearing capacity, making the building resistant to external forces and natural disasters. 2.

Strong durability: The mortise and tenon structure is made of solid wood, which is precisely processed and spliced to form a tight connection, which can withstand the long-term use and load of He Fengsen. This structure has excellent durability and is able to maintain stability and strong support.

3.Ease of construction: The mortise and tenon structure does not require the use of a large number of metal parts or adhesives, only the wood itself, so the construction process is relatively simple.

The craftsman simply matches the tenon and the joint precisely and makes it tightly attached with proper hammering. This method of construction is more environmentally friendly and economical. 4.

Aesthetic value: The unique form and connection of the mortise and tenon structure give the building a natural beauty and finesse. Often regarded as a work of art, this traditional knotted structure is appreciated for its exquisite craftsmanship and elegant appearance.