Is the sun farther or closer to Earth in winter?

Your question itself has a loophole.

If you're talking about winter in the Northern Hemisphere, then the answer is near.

If it's from the Southern Hemisphere, then it's far away.

The existence of winter does not have much to do with the distance of the sun, the most important influence is the time and angle of daylight, which is related to the direct point of the sun on the earth.

In winter, the earth moves to aphelion, which as the name suggests, is relatively far away from the sun, so in winter, the sun is far away from the earth.

The orbit of the earth around the sun is an ellipse, the sun is located on a focal point of the ellipse, so that when the earth moves, the distance from the sun changes, when winter, the earth is close to the sun, the sun shines directly on the southern hemisphere, the southern hemisphere is summer, the weather is hot, we are in the northern hemisphere season is the opposite, it is winter, the weather is cold.

The heat and cold on Earth are not mainly determined by the distance between the Sun and the Earth.

The heat and cold on Earth are mainly determined by two factors: the altitude angle of the sun and the length of day and night. In the summer half of the year (the time when the direct point of the sun is located in the hemisphere), the days are longer than the night, and the solar altitude angle is larger at noon. In the winter half of the year (when the direct point of the sun is not in the hemisphere), the days are short and the nights are long, and the solar altitude angle at noon is relatively small.

In our northern hemisphere, winter is at perihelion, but because the direct point of the sun is in the southern hemisphere, it is winter.

The Southern Hemisphere is at perihelion, and the direct point of the sun is also in the Southern Hemisphere, so it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere.

It's close! But the sun is slanting, so cold!

The Earth orbits to perihelion, which is close to the Sun, in January. As for why it is cold near the sun, it is because the temperature of the earth is not determined by the distance from the sun, but by the direct point of the sun. In winter, the direct point of the sun moves to the southern hemisphere, and for the northern hemisphere, of course, it is cold.

But it's summer in the Southern Hemisphere at this time. So the temperature doesn't have much to do with the distance from the sun.

Why is there perihelion, aphelion, the earth moves like this, not why.

Many people believe that the summer is hot because the earth is close to the sun, and the winter is cold because the earth is far away from the sun. In fact, this perception is wrong.

The perihelion (the earth is about 100 million kilometers away from the sun) and the aphelion (the earth is about 100 million kilometers away from the sun), the error between the two is only 2-3, and it is difficult for people to detect if it is not measured by astronomical instruments. In fact, the reason for the formation of the earth's four seasons is not the distance of the earth from the sun, but the cause of the earth's rotation axis is not perpendicular to the orbital plane of the earth when it revolves around the sun. The reason why the winter is cold and the summer is hot is due to the different angles of the sun's oblique rays, which causes the local area to receive more or less heat.

Moreover, the seasons in the northern and southern hemispheres of the planet are reversed, with hot summers in the northern hemisphere and cold winters in the southern hemisphere.

Astronomers have determined that the Earth passes perihelion in early January every year, and the Northern Hemisphere is not hot; At the beginning of July, it passes aphelion, and the Northern Hemisphere is not cold. Therefore, we cannot judge the distance of the earth from the sun simply from the heat and cold of the weather.

In winter, when the Earth reaches perihelion (around December 22 in the winter solstice), the Sun is closest to the Earth, and from this day, the Earth begins to move away from the Sun until the aphelion (around June 22 in the summer solstice).

As we all know, the Earth's orbit around the Sun is an elliptical orbit, the Earth's apogee distance from the Sun is 152 million kilometers, the perigee distance is 147 million kilometers, the difference between the two is 5 million kilometers, the Earth orbits the Sun for 365 days, that is, 8760 hours, the distance of its radial movement is 10 million kilometers, the average speed of the radial movement is kilometers per hour, and the time from morning to noon is calculated as 6 hours, The displacement of the Earth from the Sun due to the radial velocity of the Earth is 6849 km, which is obviously greater than the radius of the Earth. From the above analysis, it can be seen that when the sun is closer to us in a day is determined by the position of the earth in the sun's orbit.

When the Earth reaches perihelion (around December 22 of the winter solstice), the Sun is closest to the Earth, and from this day, the Earth begins to move away from the Sun until the aphelion (summer solstice, around June 22), so the Sun in the morning will always be closer to us than the Sun at noon in the process of moving from perihelion to aphelion.