What is the black pottery process? What are the characteristics of the black pottery process?

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Zhucheng black pottery, is a kind of pottery art variety, is produced in the territory of Zhucheng, Shandong a kind of clay pottery, its historical origin, can be traced back to more than 4,000 years ago, belongs to the late Neolithic period of the famous Longshan culture. The earliest researcher and manufacturer of black pottery is Yu Shun. According to historical records and archaeological experts, it is believed that

The development of black pottery in Longshan culture is directly related to the ancient emperor Yu Shun "Tao Riverside" who was born in Zhucheng, Shandong, and Yu Shun can be called the originator of black pottery production. Yu Shun, surnamed Yao, named Chonghua, is a native of Zhufeng Village, Shunwang Street, Zhucheng, Shandong, born and died at the end of primitive society. According to the "Mencius Lilou Chapter":

Shun was born in Zhufeng, moved to Negative Xia, died in Mingtiao, and the people of Dongyi are also. According to Mozi's "Shang Xianxia Tenth", it is said that "Shun cultivates in Lishan, Tao in the riverside, fishes in Leize, ashes in Changyang, and serves the sun of Yaode, and establishes himself as the Son of Heaven." Among them, "Tao Yu Riverside" is said to be Shun pottery.

The Shun era was the heyday of Longshan culture, and Shun made great contributions to the development of pottery, especially black pottery. "Shuncheng pottery, exquisite and not obscure", so the black pottery is called "Shun pottery". "Historical Records: The Records of the Five Emperors" also contains:

Shun cultivates in Lishan, and the people of Lishan give way; Fishing Lei Ze, Lei Ze's people all give way; Tao riverside, riverside utensils are not bitter. One year and the gathering of the city, two years of the city, three years of Chengdu". Zhufeng Village is located in the north of Zhucheng City 10 miles, now belongs to Shunwang Street.

In ancient times, it belonged to the land of Dongyi, and there was a historic site Shun Temple in the village, which was the place where the ancestors were sacrificed in the past dynasties; There is a mountain name in the north of the village, it is said that Shun has worked hard here, the east of the village is the Wei River, and it is the "riverside" of Shun once making pottery.

Black pottery process. Black pottery is black pottery, with a history of more than 4,000 years, and vessels of this color have been unearthed in many places in China.

The black pottery process is a process of melting and firing with a unique style, which is mainly reflected in the result of its firing technique is black and shiny utensils. Its shape is very clumsy, there are few ornaments, and some of the shapes are very exquisite, and it is a more favored utensil in the collection world.

According to the information provided by the China Black Pottery Artists Committee, there are modern black pottery crafts with their own characteristics in Dezhou, Heze, Rizhao, Jinan, Linyi and other places in Shandong, which is the main force leading China's black pottery. Nationally, Henan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang, Beijing, Zhejiang have black pottery production, all have their own style, which is a cultural product since the reform and opening up, and is a wonderful flower in Chinese pottery culture.

Black pottery culture, also known as Longshan culture, is an ancient traditional pottery technique, which is the culture of the era of copper and stone.

It was named after the discovery in Longshan Town, Zhangqiu, Shandong, about 4350-3950 years ago. It is distributed in Shandong, Henan, Shanxi, Shaanxi and other provinces in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. The fast-wheel pottery technology that appeared in the Dawenkou culture was widely adopted in this period, and the number of polished black pottery was more, the quality was more refined, and the utensils as thin as eggshells were burned, and the surface was as bright as lacquer, which was the peak period in the history of Chinese pottery.

Characteristics of black pottery cultureAccording to historical records, black pottery originated in the Neolithic Age at the earliest, representing the Longshan culture, its pitch-black color, both calm and atmospheric, but also simple and elegant, so it has been very popular with everyone from ancient times to the present, and also enjoys a high reputation in overseas markets. Next, we first analyze the artistic characteristics of black pottery, and then analyze the inheritance strategy of black pottery art from three aspects: market, tourism and education.

Black pottery is the culture of Longshan.

Known as the art of earth and fire, the crystallization of power and beauty of the black pottery, is an excellent pottery after the Yangshao culture painted pottery, the surface of the black pottery presents a pure black, is a unique unglazed and colorless carbonization kiln of the ancient process of firing. After leaving the kiln, it is natural, no longer do any treatment, and has the characteristics of "black as lacquer, bright as a mirror, thin as paper, sound as chime, and hard as porcelain".

Black pottery culture is a treasure of the ancient culture of the Chinese nation. The black pottery embodies the roughness and simplicity of primitive art, abandons the painting decoration of the surface in the painted pottery, and always adheres to the balanced unity of the tone of the utensils. Erasing the traces of artificial carving, the sensory image created by black is pure and natural, more dense and solemn.

Origin

Black pottery is the most striking product in Longshan culture. It originated from the daily utensils of the Chinese ancestors, and then gradually came out of daily life due to its brittle and fragile quality. Nowadays, black pottery is admired as a work of art.

1930 In 1931, archaeologists excavated the ruins of Chengziya in Longshan Town (now Longshan Street, Zhangqiu City). In the lower layer, there are prominently black pottery and eggshell black pottery made of wheels, so it was originally called "black pottery culture", which is believed to be the remains of a different system from the Yangshao culture that originated in the East. Soon it was named Yongsan Culture.

The production of black pottery is mainly completed in three steps, namely: material selection, processing, and sintering. The selection of black pottery is the main link to ensure the quality, the processing depends on the artistic accomplishment of the maker, and the use of a unique sintering process to make the pottery black is the biggest feature of black pottery.

The materials of black pottery mainly contain: silicon oxide, alumina, iron oxide, titanium oxide, calcium oxide, magnesium oxide, potassium oxide, sodium oxide, manganese oxide and other elements. The larger proportion is silicon oxide and alumina, which account for the sum respectively.

From the many unearthed black pottery, most of the black pottery raw materials belong to the Yellow River impact of the pure and delicate red clay, because of the good plasticity of this material, so it has been used to this day. Red clay is mainly distributed in the Yellow River Basin, and the middle and lower reaches are relatively delicate. Good pottery materials should go through several processes such as cooling, freezing, washing, and deposition.

Black pottery, born in the Neolithic Age in China, the ancient Chinese pottery skills, have the reputation of black as lacquer, sound as loud, thin as paper, bright as mirror, hard as porcelain. Black pottery can be divided into three types according to the texture: clay black pottery, sand black pottery, and fine clay black pottery.

The production process of black pottery is more sophisticated, delicate, delicate and unique than the original painted pottery, and as early as about 2,000 years before the production of porcelain, Chinese black pottery has reached a level of craftsmanship comparable to porcelain. Production process: After the soil is taken out, it is dried, and then filtered with gauze to make a mud blank, and after the manual blank modeling, it is repeatedly calendered with shells until the surface density of the clay increases and is smooth as a mirror.

Then use special carving tools to carve gorgeous and mysterious patterns by hand using line carving, shallow carving, deep carving, hollowing and other techniques; Then install ears, rings, noses, legs and other accessories for the black pottery works; It is fired by the ancient process of a unique unglazed and colorless carbonization kiln. After leaving the kiln, it is natural, no longer do any treatment, and its appearance is as black as lacquer and bright as a mirror.

Inherit and protect the black pottery craft, and creatively promote the black pottery culture.

This is the greatest wish of Xu Daoxian, the non-genetic recipient of black pottery.

Black pottery originated from the Neolithic Age in China, the ancient Chinese pottery technology, after 6,000 years of historical precipitation, endowed with black pottery "black as lacquer, bright as a mirror, thin as paper, sound like chime, hard as porcelain" and other characteristics, "is the crystallization of the art, strength and beauty of earth and fire".

Pottery hand-carved Zhongmu County Culture, Radio, Television and Tourism Bureau, courtesy of the photo.

In 2020, 63-year-old Xu Daoxian was a native of Xu Village, Guandu Town, Zhongmu County, Zhengzhou City, Henan Province.

When Xu Dao graduated from junior high school and high school, he used his spare time to learn the making of black pottery with his father.

After graduating from high school, he specialized in black pottery firing.

While constantly absorbing and learning from various types of ceramic skills, Xu Daoxian integrated painting, carving, and hollow art into the production of black pottery.

At the 2nd Henan Folk Art Exhibition held in 2014, his work "Hollow Fish Bottle" won the third prize and was collected by the Henan Museum.

The black pottery work "Hollow Fish Bottle" is courtesy of the Mu County Culture, Radio, Television and Tourism Bureau.

The requirements for making black pottery are very strict, but Zhongmu has a special location advantage. Located in the alluvial plain of the lower reaches of the Yellow River, the deep soil is particularly delicate, sand-free, viscous, and rich in a variety of mineral elements, which can emit a pure black uniform texture during the firing process, which is especially suitable for making black pottery. This is also an important reason why five generations of us have set up camp in Zhongmu, and we can also make mud by hand according to traditional techniques.

Try to work slowly. In this way, black pottery with beautiful shapes and delicate patterns was made.

Xu Daoxian introduced with a smile.

Black Pottery Four-Piece Set" in the Mu County Culture, Radio, Television and Tourism Bureau** map.

In 2014, Zhongmu County listed the black pottery firing technology as a county-level intangible cultural heritage, in order to better protect and inherit the black pottery firing technology, since 2000, Xu Dao first participated in the community and campus activities of the black pottery firing technology for many times, and showed the black pottery works to the masses and students who visited the scene, and was a technical expert in the production of black pottery.

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Black pottery is a black pottery culture. Black pottery was born in the Neolithic Age in China, and is found in the Daxi culture, Qujialing culture, and Longshan cultural sites; Because of the black pottery as the main feature, also known as the "black pottery culture", black pottery is a black pottery made by carburizing process in the firing process, with the artistic characteristics of "black, thin, light and new". <

Black pottery is a black pottery culture. Black pottery was born in the Neolithic Age in China, and has been found in the Yunxi culture, Qujialing culture, and Longshan cultural sites. Because of the black pottery as the main special ante burial Changzheng, also known as "black pottery culture", black pottery is in the firing process, carburizing process made of black pottery, with "black, thin, light, new" artistic characteristics.