Where did the magma in the center of the earth begin

I am a geology major, and it can be seen from this topic that you do not have a foundation in geology.

The Earth can be approximated as a sphere with an equatorial radius of kilometers. Such a huge sphere has a complex structure inside. But to put it simply, from the outside to the inside, it can be divided into three layers: the crust, the mantle, and the core.

It's like hard-boiled eggs: shell, white, yolk.

The earth's crust is mainly the lithosphere, which is generally composed of very hard stones, and the temperature is very high, such as the groundwater is hot and the pressure is very high. The thickness is not necessarily, on land it is usually between 30 and 75 km thick, under the ocean, the crust is usually one or twenty km thick, covered with sea water with an average depth of about 4000 meters thick. The deepest part of the water is 11,000 meters deep in the Mariana Trench in the Philippines, where it is dark.

The mantle, in fact, is mainly solid, and it is also a stone, but it is very hot, the temperature is very high, the pressure is very high, and it is not very stable, and they will melt into magma if they are not careful, and they will rise up or even erupt, which is a volcano.

If the temperature and pressure of the stones below the earth's crust are very high, if they also change the rocks, the rocks will also turn into liquid magma. These magma, which are relatively light, will rise and float, and then encounter cold rocks, and most of them will cool under the rocks, and a small part will erupt.

The thickness of the mantle ranges from the bottom of the earth's crust up to 2900 km.

The remaining 2,900 km until the center of the earth is the core of the earth, and they are mainly iron Fe, Co, and Ni metals. What a treasure. No one can dig that deep, though.

You mentioned the soil, and the soil is actually a stone, in fact, it is a weathered stone. Their thickness is very small, very small, in some places several meters thick, and in some places there is no at all.

Studying the earth is actually very interesting, and many people are biased against them, hehe, thank you for your interest in earth science.

For your question:

The center of the earth is mainly solid iron (inner core) 9000-13000 miles.

A little more outside, it is mainly liquid iron (outer core) 5000-9000 miles.

Outside, there are liquid rocks, mainly silica (mantle, commonly known as magma) 100-5000 miles.

And then outside is the earth's crust 0-100 miles.

The radius of the Earth is 13,000 li, and 20,000 li is the outer core of Brazil beneath the surface. Hehe.

Magma does not come from the Earth's core, but from the asthenosphere in the upper part of the upper mantle, about 60-250 km (upper limit) to 400 km (lower limit).

Above the asthenosphere is the lithosphere, including the top of the upper mantle and the earth's crust, which is formed by the cooling and solidification of magma from the asthenosphere.

It started with the big planet!

The magma on the surface of the earth comes from the asthenosphere (i.e., under the lithosphere) of the upper mantle crest of the Earth's interior

<> "The rocks on the earth come from the **.

There are rocks everywhere on the earth. In some places, the surface is muddy and sandy, and the bottom is still rocky; There are also rivers, oceans, and rocks underneath the water columns. Rocks are like a hard shell that wraps tightly around the outside of the earth, and people call it the lithosphere.

At its thickest point, the lithosphere is more than 100 kilometers away, in other words, not only the earth's crust is made of rock, but also the top of the mantle.

Why are there so many rocks on Earth?

It turns out that all rocks were formed gradually during the evolution of the earth.

According to the different formations of rocks, we can divide all rocks into three categories: igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks.

Igneous rocks are the bulk of the Earth's lithosphere. All the rocks at the top of the mantle and about 3 4 of the rocks in the earth's crust belong to igneous rocks. Igneous rocks are formed by the cooling and solidification of red-hot molten magma.

Although there are volcanic rocks covering tens of thousands of square kilometers and thousands of meters thick in some places, its proportion is still very limited, and more of them are formed by the direct solidification of magma that has not erupted to the surface in the depths of the ground, which is called igneous rocks, such as widely distributed granite, which are igneous rocks.

Historically formed rocks (including igneous rocks, sedimentary rocks, and metamorphic rocks) are exposed to the ground and are damaged by weathering and erosion, gradually transforming into sediment and chemical decomposition products. These sediments and chemical decomposition products are transported by wind, water or glaciers, and finally accumulate and settle in lake-sea basins or other low depressions, and then after a long period of compression and cementation, as well as the influence of the earth's internal heat, they are reconsolidated into rocks, which are sedimentary rocks, such as sandstone cemented by sand grains and shale formed by argillaceous accumulation. Sedimentary rocks are often formed with the participation of organisms, so fossils composed of paleontological remains or relics can also be found in sedimentary rocks.

In the process of the evolution of the earth, rocks are affected by strong extrusion, dislocation or high temperature, or the injection of foreign materials, resulting in changes beyond their appearance, forming a new kind of rock, which is metamorphic rock. For example, granite will turn into gneiss, and some permeable sandstone and shale will turn into slate, schist, etc.

In short, all kinds of rocks on the earth are gradually formed through the above three ways.

Mars is known to be a typical terrestrial planet, so Mars has long been considered by scientists to be one of the most likely planets for extraterrestrial life. But the reality is that the surface of Mars is full of desert sand dunes, and there are frequent dust storms all year round. It can be said that the environment is very harsh.

Because the earth has been rotating at high speed, like a mixer, the east and east inside have melted due to high temperature and high pressure.

When the temperature is high, it turns into magma.

In fact, I will help you explain the two problems of energy ** and energy loss, and your problem will be solved.

1) In fact, the sun's rays can only have almost no effect on the degree below the depth of 100m;

2) The high-temperature energy of the earth's interior is equivalent to the natural decay of the original various isotope radioactive elements in the earth's interior, which is equivalent to a chronic nuclear reaction;

3) The earth radiates energy from the inside to the outside with infrared as the main radiant energy, so the surface temperature is lower than that inside, except for the local influence of stars (the sun) on the sunny surface.

The main sources of magma are the Earth's upper mantle and deep into the earth's crust.

We call this hot and viscous molten material that is mainly composed of silicates in the upper mantle and deep into the earth's crust and contains volatile matter as magma. Thus, magma is produced in the upper mantle and deep in the earth's crust. According to lava spewed out by modern volcanoes, silicates are the main component of magma.

The content of SIO is between 80 and 30%; Metal oxides such as AL O, Fe O, FeO, MGO, CAO, Na O, etc. account for 20-60%. Others, such as heavy metals, non-ferrous metals, rare metals and radioactive elements, the total amount of which does not exceed 5%. In addition, magma also contains some volatile components, the main of which are HO, Co, Hs, F, Cl, etc.

The main source of magma is in the asthenosphere.

The interior of the earth can be divided into three circles. The outermost circle is the earth's crust, which is small in thickness and is made up of hard rocks. Underneath the Earth's crust is the mantle, and the interface between the crust and the mantle is called the Moho interface.

At depths of 80-400 km (at the top of the upper mantle), there is a molten solid sphere called the asthenosphere. The asthenosphere is generally considered to be the main source of magma.

It is generally accepted that the formation of the asthenosphere requires high temperature conditions, as well as the addition of water and volatile components. The heat energy, water and volatile substances required for the production of asthenospheric lava are mainly released by the decay of radioactive elements and the process of differentiation of the geosphere. The temperature of the Earth's interior increases with the increase of depth, generally to a depth of 100 km, the temperature is close to the solidus temperature at which the mantle begins to melt, and at this time, with the participation of water and volatile components, selective melting begins to occur, and a solid-fluid asthenosphere is gradually formed.

The distribution of the asthenosphere has obvious regional differences, and the general rule is that the location below the ocean is shallow (generally below 60 km) and the position below the continent is deeper (below 120 km). The top-bottom interface of the asthenosphere is not very certain, and there is no obvious interface with the lithosphere, which has the characteristics of gradual transition.

It is generally considered to be the asthenosphere.

For basalt magma, it mainly originates in the mantle, but different origins will form different types of magma series:

Lapa basalt is the most widely distributed rock type in the world, mainly distributed in the oceanic area, the island arc is on the side of the ocean, and the plateau area of the continent is often distributed with overflow basalt.

The alkaline series, it is generally believed that the alkaline basalt magma comes from the deeper part of the earth's mantle, mainly distributed in oceanic islands, underwater volcanoes, and continental rift valleys. The main rock types are alkaline basalt, alkaline granite, syenite, etc.

Calcium-alkali series is another major type of magmatic rock, which is mainly distributed in orogenic belts and island arcs on the continental-side side of the formation and subduction zone and continental collision zone. The rock types are: basalt, andesite, rhyolite and most of granite.

Granite magma, the origin of granite magma is currently the most controversial, because the mantle source magma is basaltic magma, it is difficult to distinguish acidic magma, or only a small amount of acidic magma, while the continental crust is full of large-scale granite rock foundations. Therefore, most geologists believe that granite magma comes mainly from the earth's crust and is formed by the remelting of crustal rocks through hypermetamorphism.

The Earth's crust is 0-33, the upper mantle is 33-1000 below ground, and the asthenosphere is 60-400 below. It is correct to say that magma originates in the upper mantle and deep in the earth's crust, and it is also true to say that it originates in the asthenosphere, which is contained in the upper mantle.

It originates in the upper mantle and deep into the earth's crust.