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The parties to the transaction mainly exchange non-monetary assets such as inventory, fixed assets, intangible assets and long-term equity investments. The exchange involves no or only a small amount of monetary assets (i.e. boot).
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Monetary assets refer to the monetary funds held by an enterprise and the assets that will be received in a fixed or determinable amount, including cash, bank deposits, accounts receivable and notes receivable, as well as bond investments that are ready to be held to maturity. Non-monetary assets refer to assets other than monetary assets. The most basic feature that distinguishes non-monetary assets from monetary assets is that the economic benefits they bring to the enterprise in the future, i.e., the amount of money, are not fixed or uncertain.
For example, the main purpose of holding fixed assets is to use them for production and operation, transfer their wear value to the cost of products through depreciation, and then make a profit through product sales, and the economic benefits that fixed assets bring to the enterprise in the future, that is, the monetary amount, are not fixed or uncertain, therefore, fixed assets are non-monetary assets. The items listed in the balance sheet are non-monetary assets, which usually include: inventory (raw materials, packaging, low-value consumables, inventory commodities, commissioned processing materials, entrusted goods, etc.), long-term equity investment, investment real estate, fixed assets, projects under construction, engineering materials, intangible assets, etc.
The exchange of non-monetary assets generally does not involve monetary assets, or only a small amount of monetary assets, i.e. boot. The non-monetary asset exchange standard stipulates that an exchange involving a small amount of monetary assets is considered to be a non-monetary asset exchange, and the reference ratio is usually whether the proportion of the boot to the total asset exchange amount is less than 25%. In other words, if the proportion of the monetary assets paid to the fair value of the exchanged assets (or the sum of the fair value of the surrendered assets and the monetary assets paid), or the proportion of the monetary assets received to the fair value of the surrendered assets (or the sum of the fair value of the exchanged assets and the monetary assets received) is less than 25%, it is regarded as a non-monetary asset exchange; If it is higher than 25% (including 25%), it shall be regarded as the exchange of monetary assets, and the provisions of the Accounting Standards for Business Enterprises No. 14 - Revenue" and other relevant standards shall apply.
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The recognition of monetary asset exchange refers to determining whether the asset exchange meets the definition of monetary asset exchange according to certain criteria and scope. The characteristics of monetary assets are as follows:
1. The transaction object of non-monetary asset exchange is mainly non-monetary assets;
2. The exchange of non-monetary assets is the act of exchanging non-monetary assets;
3. The exchange of non-monetary tremor assets generally does not involve monetary assets, but sometimes it may also involve a small amount of monetary assets.
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