Japan learns from the measures that European countries should take

In terms of social culture, he advocates the study of Western social culture and habits, and the translation of Western works. In the calendar system, the lunar calendar is discontinued, and the solar calendar is used to calculate the days (except for the year number).

the introduction of modern industrial technology from the West; Reform the land system, abolish the original land policy, allow land sales and sales, and implement a new land tax policy; Abolish the checkpoints set up by the feudal domains; unified the currency, and in 1882 established the Bank of Japan (the country's ** bank); Abolish the guild system and monopoly organizations in the industrial and commercial sectors, and promote the development of industry and commerce (colonization and industrial development). [5]

In terms of education, Japan has developed compulsory education of a modern bourgeois nature, and divided the whole of Japan into 8 university districts, each with 1 university, 32 junior high school districts, 1 middle school each, 210 elementary school districts under each junior high school district, and 1 elementary school in each elementary school district, making a total of 8 public universities, 245 junior high schools, and 53,760 elementary schools in the country. The educational authorities promulgated the "Edict on Examination and Education" to inculcate ideas such as examination of the Tao and loyalty to the monarch and patriotism (some believe that this was intended to strengthen the social system of the centralization of supreme power and pave the way for future foreign expansion). In addition, international students are also selected to study in advanced countries such as the United Kingdom, the United States, France, and Germany.

In terms of military affairs, the army was reformed, with the army training with reference to Germany and the navy with reference to the British navy. In 1872, a conscription decree was issued, making all adult men over the age of 20 compulsory for military service. 3 years of general service and 2 years of reserve service, which were later increased to 3 years and 9 years of reserve service, for a total of 12 years. In 1873, the mobilization of combat troops could reach 400,000 men.

In addition, Meiji** also developed a state-run military industry; In the mid to late Meiji period, the military budget increased dramatically, accounting for about 30% to 45% of the first expenditure, and the spirit of militarism and bushido was practiced.

In terms of justice, following the example of the Western system, the French criminal law was enacted in 1882, the French-German mixed civil law in 1898, and the American-style commercial law in 1899.

No, Japan was reduced to a colony at that time, and the nation woke up and knew that it had to learn from Western methods to become a strong country. At that time, China was seriously influenced by traditional feudal ideology, regarded the West as a barbarian country, advocated "Guihua and lowly people", and believed that it was condescending and shameful to learn Western thought. Even if China sends a large number of talents to study in the West, the development of enterprises will still be restricted by feudalism after returning, and it will still not be able to develop.

Japan's "major economic and living habits have taken the following measures to comprehensively learn from the West: Economically, the national tomb has vigorously supported and developed state-owned enterprises and private enterprises, developed capitalist economic living habits, and implemented a policy of civilization and enlightenment; The outstanding expression of the shakuheng shed, which "incorporated a large number of elements of Japan's own traditions and culture", was the preservation of the emperor, the promotion of the spirit of bushido, and the formation of Shinto worship of the emperor

Background: After the Second Opium War, the rulers of the Qing Dynasty faced many thorny problems in domestic and foreign affairs, and some of the more enlightened ** advocated learning foreign advanced technology, strengthening the army and enriching the country, getting rid of difficulties, and maintaining the rule of the Qing Dynasty. In order to suppress the people and maintain feudal rule, the Westernists set off a self-help movement of feudal rulers from the 60s to the 90s of the 19th century.

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In the early stage of the Westernization Movement (in the 19th century), under the banner of "self-improvement" and the adoption of advanced Western technology, modern military industries such as the Anqing Arsenal Institute, the Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau, and the Fuzhou Shipbuilding Bureau were founded.

Clause. 2. Establish civilian industries. In the later period (70s to 90s of the l9th century), the Westernists played the banner of "seeking wealth" and set up civilian industries. Clause.

3. Planning for coastal defense: Since the mid-70s of the 19th century, China has begun to formally prepare for the construction of its navy. By the mid-80s, the modern navy was initially completed, and it included three navies: Beiyang, Nanyang and Fujian.

Clause. After the Second Opium War, the Westernists began to establish a new-style school in order to meet the needs of China's foreign affairs and the Westernization movement. Founded in 1862, the Jingshi Tongwenkan was the first new-style school founded by the Westernists. Since then, the Westernists have successively opened a number of science and technology schools and military academies in various places.

Nature of the Westernization Movement: The Westernization Movement was a self-help movement of failed feudal rulers.

Evaluation: First of all, the Westernization Movement did not put China on the road to prosperity and strength. In the First Sino-Japanese War, the Beiyang Fleet was completely annihilated, and the Westernization Movement was declared bankrupt.

There are many inherent reasons for this, but the most fundamental one is not to touch the feudal system, and to put on the new without removing the old, which is the fundamental reason for the bankruptcy of the Westernization Movement. Second, the Westernization Movement played a positive role. Its positive effects are manifested in:

First, the introduction of some modern science and technology from Western capitalist countries led to the emergence of the first batch of modern enterprises in China. Second, it has accumulated production experience and cultivated technical strength for China's modern enterprises. Third, it objectively played a role in promoting the emergence and development of China's national capitalism and opened up the way for China's modernization.

Reform the backward system, establish a new system, gradually weaken the feudal separatist forces, strengthen the centralization of power, implement the abolition of feudal lords and counties, abolish the feudal lord system throughout the country, establish a local system of prefectures and counties, abolish the feudal identity system, abolish the privileges of the samurai, gradually deprive the old ruling class of their privileges, remove some restrictions on the lower classes, and allow people of different classes to intermarry and achieve equality.

Fundamentally, Japan does not have its own deep-rooted culture. China has some 5,000-year-old civilizations, so it is deeply rooted, while Japan, in ancient times, learned the culture of the Tang Dynasty, and after modern times, they learned Western culture, and they were all thorough studies, because they did not reject foreign cultures. In China, it is proposed that middle school is the body and Western learning is used, and to put it bluntly, middle school is still the most important.

This is the fundamental reason why Japan has succeeded in learning from the West.

Go to a Schengen visa country Note: Apply for a Schengen visa at the Japanese embassy (excluding the UK). Prepare your passport, preferably with your itinerary, including your flights, hotel orders. This is the most stupid, it visa wants your ticket order, it doesn't give visa how to fly.

If you don't give it, you will cancel the ticket. [If you book a round-trip ticket, the success rate of the visa will be very high].