What do the operators of , etc. mean?

n |= 1 is equivalent to n = n | 1

Operator |It's bitwise or arithmetic, you can write two operands as binary first, and then look at them, for example, binary numbers.

11(b) |1(b) -11(b); 1(b)|10(b) -11(b); 1010(b)|101(b)->1111(b)

In short, as long as one of the two corresponding bits is 1, then the resulting bits are one.

is the left-shift operator means that all bits are shifted to the left by n bits, e.g. 11(b)<<1 ->110(b);

1010(b)<<3 ->1010000(b)

n |= 1 <<7 is to shift 1 to the left by 7 bits (i.e. 10000000(b) = 128(d)) and then make a bitwise OR with n.

i.e. give n position 7 1).

n |= 1 can actually be written n = n | 1;

Operator |It is a bitwise or operator that is converted to binary first.

For example: 9|5 The writable equation is as follows:

00001101 (13 in decimal) can see 9|5=13 As long as one of the corresponding two binary digits is 1, the resulting digit is 1.

The shift left operator" "e.g., 2<<2 refers to moving each binary of 2 to the left by 2 bits.

For example, 2=00000010 (decimal 2), and the left shift of 2 bits is 00000100 (decimal 8).

This is more efficient than 2 * 2 * 2.

If there is anything you don't understand, you can study it carefully. I wish you a good time soon.

: is an operator in C++.

It is the highest ranking of operators, and it is divided into three types: global scope, class scope, and namespace.

Scope. 1) Global scope.

indicates the class to which the member function belongs. For example, m::f(s) means that f(s) is a member function of class m.

2) Class scope.

For example, if a class A is declared, and a member function void f() is declared in class A, but f is not defined in the class declaration, then when defining f outside the class, it should be written as void a::f(), which means that this f() function is a member function of class A.

3) Namespace scope.

Indicates a reference to member functions and variables.

Indicates the scope and affiliation.

is an operator. It can be divided into the following three types:

1. Global Scope, Usage(::name)2, Class Scope, Usage(class::name).

3. Namespace Scope (namespace.

Scopes), usages (namespace::name), they are all left-associativity, and their purpose is to call the variable you want more clearly, such as a global variable somewhere in the program.

a, then it is written: a;

If you want to call the member variable A in class a, then write it as a::a, and if you want to call the cout member in namespace std, you write it as std::cout (quite careful about using namespacestd; cout) means that here I want to use the cout object is the cout in the namespace std (i.e. the cout in the standard library).

Stands for less than sign (

Symbols always have meanings, and meanings are always expressed in the form of certain symbols. The constructive role of symbols is to establish a connection between perceptual signs and their meanings, and to present this connection in our consciousness.