Why did the Han Dynasty seal the liezi? What is one of the classics in China, and what is the book o

The Han Dynasty didn't seem to have it, and the Tang Dynasty was named Chong Xu's real person.

Liezi, Han nationality, whose real name is Lie Yukou ("Liezi" is the honorific title of the world), was a native of Zheng Guoputian (now Zhengzhou City, Henan Province) during the Warring States Period of China. He is an outstanding representative of the Taoist school, a famous thinker and writer. It has had a profound influence on philosophy, literature, science and technology, and religion in later generations.

He is the author of "Liezi". The theories of "celestial motion", "earth motion" and "infinite universe" in "Liezi" are far earlier than similar theories in the West. He lived in seclusion in Zhengdi for 40 years, and wrote 20 articles, about 100,000 words.

Mu's Spring and Autumn "Corpse" both contain "Liezi is noble and empty", but according to "Tianrui", Liezi thinks that "the void is not valuable". In complete emptiness, there must be nothing (emptiness) forgotten, and all differences are dissolved, so it doesn't matter whether it is important or low. Now circulating the book of "Liezi", in the pre-Qin has been studied, Liu Xiang sorted out the "Liezi" for the collection of public and private collection of 20 articles revised into the number of eight, the Western Han Dynasty is still prevalent, the Western Jin Dynasty was by the Yongjia rebellion, after crossing the river began to be incomplete.

Its thickness was collected and sorted out by Zhang Zhan to complete it. There are eight extant articles: "Tianrui", "Yellow Emperor", "King Mu of Zhou", "Zhongni", "Tang Wen", "Liming", "Yang Zhu" and "Shuofu".

A very powerful strategist jurist.

So the sage is not concerned with the outcome, but with a clear understanding of the whole process.

1. Original text: Warring States Liezi "Liezi Shuofu".

Liezi learns to shoot, in the middle. Please Yu Guan Yinzi. Yin Zi said:

The reason why Zi Zhizi won the game? "Yes"Fu Zhi also.

Guan Yinzi said: "No." "Retreat and get used to it.

For three years, he declared Yin Zi again. Yin Zi said: "The reason why Zi Zhizi is in it?

Liezi said: "I know. Guan Yinzi said:

But don't lose it. It is not a solo shot, but it is the same for the country and the body. Therefore, the saint does not check the existence and death, but the reason for it.

2. Translation: Liezi learned archery with Guan Yinzi, and once, Liezi hit the bull's-eye. I went to consult Guan Yinzi and said, "I've learned almost."

I don't know". Guan Yinzi said: "I don't know if I can't be regarded as learning."

Liezi went back and practiced again. After 3 years, Liezi came to Guan Yinzi for advice again. Guan Yinzi asked again: "Do you know the reason why you can hit the bull's-eye?""？Liezi said, "Got it.""。

Guan Yinzi said: "Now you can. If you grasp the rules of why you can shoot and be strict with yourself, you will be able to hit every shot.

Not only archery, but also governing the country and self-cultivation should be like this. So the sage is not concerned with the outcome, but with a clear understanding of the whole process. ”

So the sage is not concerned with the outcome, but with a clear understanding of the whole process.

Liezi learned archery and shot once, so Liezi asked Guan Yinzi for archery advice. Guan Yinzi said: "Do you know the reason why you hit the bull's-eye?

Liezi said, "I don't know. Guan Yinzi said

That's not going to work. "After (Liezi) went back, he began to practice archery again, and after practicing for many years, Liezi reported to Guan Yinzi. Guan Yinzi said

Do you know why you hit the bull's-eye? Liezi said, "Got it."

Guan Yinzi said: "Very good, practice and grasp this technique well, don't let it be wasted." Not only archery, but also self-cultivation.

So the sage is not concerned with the outcome, but with a clear understanding of the whole process. ”

Lie Zi learns to shoot, in the middle, please Guan Yinzi. Yin Zi said: "The reason why Zi knows that Zi is in the middle of the game."

He said, "Fu Zhiye." Guan Yinzi said:

Cannot. "After three years of retreat, he declared Yin Zi. Yin Zi asked

The reason why Zizhizi is in it? Liezi said: "I know.

Guan Yinzi said: "It's okay, keep it and don't lose it." It is not a solo shot, but also for the country and the body.

Therefore, the saint does not check the existence and death, but the reason for it. ”

Therefore, the holy man does not examine life and death itself, but examines the causes that lead to the fact of life and death.

Therefore, the saint does not care about the result, but focuses on understanding the whole process.

Thus the sages (holy names) do not look at life and death, but look at why it is the way it is.

1 Son of the Bao family.

2. Yugong moves mountains.

3 Praise the father day by day.

4. People are worried.

5. Lingering sounds.

6. Mountains and rivers.

7. Zhan He fishing.

8. Qi people grab gold.

9. Suspected neighbors stealing axes.

10. Lost sheep.

11 Two children's debate day.

12 Father-making and learning.

13, Jiufang Gao Soma.

14 Ji Chang learned to shoot.

1: Yugong moves mountains.

2: Praise the father day by day.

3: Two children debate the day.

4: Lingering sounds.

5: Alpine flowing water.

6: Ji Chang learns to shoot.

7: Worrying about the sky.

8: Lost sheep.

9. Suspected neighbors stealing axes.

10. All the people grabbed the gold.

Why don't you ask Liezi?

It's not too cold to do business. Everything that sentient beings see can be understood, I am my favorite recently, I have seen you the most, you will always be with you, it is good-looking, not you go by yourself, right? These days.

1 Yugong moves mountains 2Praise the father day by day.

Liezi China, what classics to wear, what country, what note, this Chinese words used to have this left turn, and then there are various international classical ancient books.

One of the classics of Yezi China, as well as other "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". Lots of classics.

"Liezi" is also known as "Chong Xuan Jing", "Chong Xuan Zhen Jing", is an important Taoist classic, written by Zheng Ren Lie Yukou, the age of the book is unknown, roughly the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The book is divided into eight chapters, including "Tianrui", "Yellow Emperor", "King Mu of Zhou", "Zhongni", "Tang Wen", "Li Ming", "Yang Zhu", and "Shuofu", each of which is composed of multiple fables. Among them, the more familiar ones include "Yugong Moves Mountains", "People Worry About the Sky", "Dead Axes (Dead Axes Mean Neighbors)", "Wrong Paths and Dead Sheep" and so on.

During the Tang Dynasty, the Chongxu Zhenjing, along with the Tao Te Ching, Zhuangzi and Wenzi, was listed as the four Taoist classics.

Lie Yu Kou, or Lie Yu Kou, the Spring and Autumn Period Zheng people, the pioneer of the Taoist school, known as Liezi, advocated nobility and emptiness.

There is no biography of Lie Yukou in the "Historical Records", and his name is scattered in "Zhuangzi", "Guanzi", "Yanzi", "Mozi", "Han Feizi", "Corpse", "Lü's Spring and Autumn" and other books. Lie Yukou became famous in the book "Liezi", there is a chapter named after the name of the chapter, the main purpose is to promote not to show off wisdom outside but to nourish the mind in the heart, to achieve "heaven but not enter" to obey nature, to achieve the realm of useless use.

Liezi was a native of Zheng Guo, before Zhuangzi and at the same time as Zheng Miaogong. It is based on the Yellow Emperor Laozi, advocating quiet and inaction. Legend has it that he once asked Guan Yinzi to worship Huqiuzi as a teacher, and Huzi said to Liezi:

The townsfolk showed that they had not yet come out of my sect. I don't know who it is, because I think it's a brother, because I think it's a wave, so I run away. Later, he successively studied under Lao Shang and Zhibo Gaozi, and after nine years of cultivation, he was able to walk against the wind.

During the reign of Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty, he was awarded the title of "Chongxu Zhenren", and during the reign of Emperor Xuanhe of Song Huizong, he was awarded the title of "Chongxu Guan Miao Zhenjun".

General people think that the original work of "Liezi" has been lost after the Western Han Dynasty, Liu Zongyuan of the Tang Dynasty has doubted the ** of this book, Yao Jiheng's "Ancient and Modern Pseudo-Book Examination" first identified that "Liezi" is a fake book, and the existing "Liezi" is no longer the original work, but the Jin people mixed Taoist ideas and wrote, Ye Daqing [2], Qian Daxin [3], Yao Nai [4], Niu Shuyu [5], Zhang Binglin [6] and others all thought that this book was a fake. Qian Daxin's "New Record of Ten Drivers of Fasting" even pointed out that the theory of Shi's reincarnation comes from "Liezi", which is very ridiculous. Ma Xulun's "Examination of Liezi's Pseudo-Books" said:

Cover "Liezi" came out late and died early, since the Wei and Jin dynasties, good deeds gathered "Guanzi", "Yanzi", "Analects", "Classic of Mountains and Seas", "Mozi", "Zhuangzi", "Corpse", "Han Feizi", "Lü's Spring and Autumn", "Han Poems", "Huainan", "Shuoyuan", "New Preface", "New Treatise" The words of the late saying, if it is to the preface, it is important to see the preface. ”。Qian Zhongshu pointed out that Liezi was influenced by Buddhist thought in the "Pipe Cone Edition", which can be seen to be a fake book in the Wei and Jin dynasties, but also pointed out that the whole book of "Liezi" "takes the Buddha's teachings, and the voice and color do not move", "can be reborn, and does not stick to the belt bones".

The book Liezi contains many fables, all of which carry enough lessons to warn the world, and also have a certain literary value. The existing annotations of "Liezi" include eight volumes of "Chongxu Zhide Zhenjing" annotated by Zhang Zhan of the Jin Dynasty.