The examination process of endoscopic ultrasound, a brief introduction to the history of endoscopic

The preoperative preparation for endoscopic ultrasound is basically the same as that for endoscopy, and the liver function and hepatitis B surface antigen are checked before surgery.

1.Patients should be fasting for more than 4 to 6 hours, and eat less residue and easily digestible food at dinner the day before the examination.

2.The examining doctor must be proficient in the operation techniques of general gastrointestinal endoscopy and the key points of duodenoscopy, and have certain experience in body surface ultrasound and ultrasound anatomical knowledge.

3.Explain the purpose, necessity, related risks and precautions to be paid attention to in cooperation with the examination, and eliminate the patient's concerns. Informed consent form is signed before surgery.

4. Medication: oral defoamer 15 30min before surgery; Intramuscular scopolamine 20 mg; Patients with stress can be injected intramuscularly or slowly intravenously with diazepam 5 10 mg, and those undergoing upper gastrointestinal examination need to take lidocaine glue for local anesthesia and lubrication.

5 Upper gastrointestinal endoscopic ultrasound usually takes the left side of the decubitus position, the lower limbs are slightly flexed, the collar is unfastened, the belt is relaxed, and the head is tilted back; For patients undergoing endoscopic colon ultrasound, bowel preparation should be cleaned before surgery.

6 Operation steps: After the endoscopic ultrasound is inserted into the digestive tract, the direct contact method, the water bladder method and the water bladder method combined with the airless water filling method can be used to scan and examine the submucosal lesions, tumors and adjacent organs of the gastrointestinal tract. In combination with Doppler, endoscopic ultrasonography is also capable of detecting blood flow velocity and blood flow and showing the direction of blood flow.

Before ultrasound gastroscopy, the liver function and hepatitis B, hepatitis C, syphilis, AIDS laboratory tests should be improved, the patient needs to be fasted for more than 4-6 hours before the examination, eat less residue and easily digestible food one night before the examination, and inform the patient of the purpose, necessity, related risks and matters that need to be paid attention to before the examination, eliminate the patient's concerns, and sign the informed consent form. 15-30 minutes before the examination, oral defoamer, intramuscular injection of scopolamine, intramuscular injection or slow intravenous injection of diazepam in patients with mental stress, and local anesthesia and infiltration with lidocaine glue in patients undergoing upper gastrointestinal examination. In the process of endoscopic ultrasound of the upper gastrointestinal tract, the patient is placed in the left lateral decubitus position, with both lower limbs slightly flexed, the collar is unfastened, the belt is relaxed, and the head is tilted back.

Operation steps: After the endoscopic ultrasound is inserted into the digestive tract, the direct contact method, the water bladder method and the water bladder method combined with the airless water filling method can be used to scan the lesions, tumors and adjacent organs of the gastrointestinal tract, combined with Doppler, the endoscopic ultrasound can check the blood flow velocity and blood flow, and can show the direction of blood flow.

In 1980, the United States reported for the first time that the examination method combining ultrasound and general endoscopy was successful in animal experiments, and pioneered the clinical application of endoscopic ultrasound technology, and since then, endoscopic ultrasound instruments have been continuously developed and improved. After more than 20 years of clinical practice, the technology of endoscopic ultrasound has become more and more mature, and its application range has been expanding. The advent of endoscopic ultrasound has led to a leap forward in endoscopic technology.

Endoscopic ultrasound can be used to differential diagnose the nature of lesions growing under the mucosa of the digestive tract wall, and can perform preoperative staging of digestive tract tumors, judge the depth and extent of their invasion, distinguish the benign and malignant ulcers, and diagnose pancreaticobiliary tumors, especially for small tumors with high accuracy, and the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis is also better than other imaging examinations. In addition, the application of fine-needle aspiration aspiration biopsy mediated by endoscopic ultrasound also significantly improved the diagnosis rate of lesions. At present, interventional diagnosis under endoscopic ultrasound is one of the hot spots of endoscopic technology at home and abroad.