What is the significance of the joint stock system becoming the main form of public ownership?

The issue of ownership is the most sensitive issue in the reform of the economic system, and the core of ownership is the property rights system. The fundamental reason why the shareholding system was not mentioned as the "main form of realization" of public ownership at all the previous meetings before the Third Plenary Session of the 16th CPC Central Committee (the report of the 16th CPC National Congress only put forward the idea of "actively promoting the shareholding system" and "the forms of realization of the public ownership system can and should be diversified") is that there has been no fundamental breakthrough in the theoretical obstacle of "whether the shareholding system is a public or private system." On the issue of the "public ownership" of the joint-stock system, Marx once had an exploratory exposition, saying:

The kind of capital, which itself is based on the social mode of production and which presupposes the social concentration of the means of production and labour, here acquires directly the form of social capital (i.e. the capital of individuals who are directly united) in opposition to private enterprise. This is the renunciation of capital as private property within the limits of the capitalist mode of production itself. "The shareholding system – it is the renunciation of capitalist private industry on the basis of the capitalist system itself; The more it expands, the more it invades new branches of production, the more it will wipe out private industry.

Therefore, Marx foresaw that in the future, society would "reconstruct individual ownership" on the basis of joint labor and socialized large-scale production, which means that a plurality of capital will unite to obtain the form of "social capital", which is the joint-stock system or mixed ownership. Logically, "public ownership" is "common", and it comes in two forms, namely "common public ownership" and "public ownership by shares". Common public ownership (common ownership) refers to the equal right of possession, use, income, and disposal of all property by shares, and common ownership by shares refers to the right of possession, use, income, and disposal by all owners according to a certain share, and the shareholding system is common ownership (public ownership) by shares.

Ordinary people can buy and become shareholders directly, although the amount of holdings is determined by the economic basis. A person who becomes a shareholder can apply for publication or view of the flow of funds and the number of capital.

The joint-stock system can amplify the function of public capital, especially state-owned capital, enhance the control, influence and driving force of the state-owned economy, give full play to the leading role of the state-owned economy, and consolidate the dominant position of the public ownership system.

The shareholding system is conducive to the flow and reorganization of state-owned capital and the preservation and appreciation of state-owned assets.

The joint-stock system is conducive to vigorously developing state-owned capital and realizing the common development of economies under various forms of ownership, thereby perfecting the basic socialist economic system and truly unifying the public and non-public economies in the process of socialist modernization.

The joint-stock system is a form of capital organization in modern enterprises, which is conducive to the transformation of the operating mechanism of state-owned enterprises and the establishment of a modern enterprise system.

The mixed ownership economy with the joint-stock system as the organizational form is the way to realize the effective combination of the public ownership system and the market economy.

Establish the participation and distribution of factors of production according to their contributions.

The joint-stock system is a form of capital organization, and it is an inevitable choice for the reform of state-owned enterprises. Joint-stock enterprises are suitable for China's economy to transition to marketization, which is conducive to mobilizing the enthusiasm of all parties.

The joint-stock system is a form of capital organization and silver loss organization in modern enterprises, which is conducive to the separation of ownership and management rights, and is conducive to improving the operational efficiency of enterprises and capital. This is a major breakthrough in the understanding of the form of realization of public ownership in our country, which has opened up a new road for the realization of the form of public ownership of the economy, and has greatly liberated and developed China's social productive forces.

Public ownership refers to a system in which the means of production are jointly owned by all the people or laborers. It is the economic foundation of socialist society, which has changed the mode of production in capitalist society that combines the laborer with the means of production by employing relations, and has made the laborer the master of the means of production and the production process. The establishment of public ownership of the means of production has changed the principle of distribution in capitalist society without work, enabling the national economy to develop in a planned and proportional manner, thus overcoming the state of capitalist production.

Public ownership of the means of production is the fundamental embodiment of the superiority of the socialist system.

Key points of the answer]1) The nature and form of realization of the public ownership economy are two different levels of issues. The Nature of the Public Ownership Economy Is Embodied in the Ownership of Ownership To uphold the nature of public ownership, it is fundamental to uphold the ownership of the means of production by the state and the collective. All production is the basis of the relations of production, and there is a distinction between public and private ownership, socialism and capitalism.

As for the question of what kind of mode of operation and organizational form is adopted in the form of realization of ownership, it does not call hunger and has a distinction between "public" and "private" and "social" and "capital". The same ownership can take different forms of realization, while different forms of ownership can take the same form of realization. This is because the form of realization should solve the problem of the organizational form and mode of operation for the development of the productive forces, and as long as it is conducive to the development of the productive forces, the forms of realization of public ownership can and should be diversified, and all the modes of operation and organizational forms that reflect the law of socialized production can be boldly utilized.

In accordance with the requirements of the law of socialized production, it is necessary to adopt diversified modes of operation and forms of asset organization, so that the state-owned economy can gain a broad space for development on a larger scale.

2) To adapt to the trend of continuous development of economic marketization and further enhance the vitality of the public ownership economy, it is necessary to vigorously develop the mixed ownership economy in which state-owned capital, collective capital, and non-public capital participate in the shares, realize the diversification of investment entities, and make the joint-stock system the main form of public ownership. The joint-stock system is a form of capital concentration, which can rapidly concentrate a large amount of capital in a short period of time, make up for the shortcomings of individual capital accumulation and accumulation, and alleviate the contradiction between the limited nature of individual capital accumulation and the huge amount of capital required for the development of socialized large-scale production. The joint-stock system itself does not have institutional attributes, it is not equal to public ownership, nor is it equal to private ownership, and the key depends on who holds the controlling stake.

Under the conditions of socialism, the state and the collectives hold shares, and there is a clear character of public and serious knowledge. The implementation of the shareholding system is conducive to expanding the scope of control of public capital, promoting the separation of government administration from enterprise management, vigorously debating the separation of ownership and management rights, realizing the transformation mechanism and scientific management, improving the operational efficiency of enterprises and capital, and enhancing the dominant position of public ownership.

Joint-stock system"It is a form of corporate organization, which refers to the total share capital unit divided by the company in accordance with the law according to a certain proportion of the shares to indicate the investment amount of each investor in the company. This organizational form allows multiple people or institutions to jointly own the equity of the company, realizing the benefits of rational allocation of resources and risk dispersion, and is one of the more common forms of corporate organization in the market economy.

However, the shareholding system is not the highest form of private ownership, because private ownership does not exist only under the shareholding system. In fact, the essence of private ownership is that the means of production are owned by individuals, including land, houses, factories and other material resources. On the other hand, public ownership means the means of production are collectively owned by the whole people.

Under the conditions of market economy, both private ownership and public ownership can exist, while the joint-stock system, as a form of corporate organization, only involves the distribution and management of property within the company, and does not change its external form of ownership. Therefore, no matter what form of ownership, private ownership is still private ownership, and joint-stock ownership is only one of the organizational forms of private enterprises.

Joint-stock system refers to the organizational form of private enterprises such as companies with shares as capital, which is one of the main forms in the modern enterprise system. The capital of a joint-stock enterprise is composed of capital contributions by shareholders, who own shares and enjoy the company's profits and decision-making rights according to the proportion of shares. The emergence of the joint-stock system has changed the traditional family business ownership and direct management system, better realized the decentralization, supervision and marketization, provided the basis for the realization of the enterprise's goals, and also provided a new property rights protection mechanism for the state.

In short, the joint-stock system is the highest form developed on the basis of private ownership and has very important practical significance.

Legal analysis: The shareholding system is a public ownership system. The shareholding system is a form of capital organization of modern enterprises, which is conducive to the separation of ownership and management rights, and is conducive to improving the operational efficiency of enterprises and capital.

This is a major breakthrough in the understanding of the form of realization of the public ownership system, which has opened up a new road for the realization of the public ownership economy and greatly liberated and developed the social productive forces. It has changed the principle of distribution in capitalist society for nothing, so that the national economy can develop in a planned and proportional manner, thus overcoming the non-state of capitalist production.

If the largest shareholder in the joint-stock system is the state, it may be true. What if it's private? Is it still public ownership?