Li Qingzhao commented on Xiang Yu s wonderful sentence

Life is a hero, death is also a ghost!

Li Qingzhao's evaluation of Xiang Yu is that he is a hero among people when he is alive, and he is also a hero among ghosts when he is dead. The author's intention is to use Xiang Yu, a "refusal to cross Jiangdong", to satirize the drunken gold fans of the Southern Song Dynasty who favored the south of the Yangtze River.

Li Qingzhao As one of the few female lyricists in ancient times, she left a lot of works, and she was called the world of words along with Xin Qiji. Her poems are also very stylish, for example, her quatrain "Summer Quatrain" was written when passing by the Guwu River.

This quatrain is just 20 words, which vividly portrays Xiang Yu's heroic image, and this poem is also the dividing line between the changes in Li Qingzhao's style of words before and after. It was also the transition period from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, before that, the Jurchens of the Friends of the Ruler rose between the white mountains and black waters, expanded rapidly, and after the destruction of the Liao, they went south to destroy the Song Dynasty, and the two emperors of Huiqin were benefited, and all the land north of the Yellow River in the Song Dynasty was lost.

Because of the war, in order to avoid the poisonous hand of the Jin people, there was a second trip to the south, King Kang Zhao Gou in the throne after the thirty-six plans for the upper plan, all the way to the south, under his influence, a large number of scholars, bureaucrats, and ordinary people are in groups to cross the south, Li Qingzhao and his husband Zhao Mingcheng are also one of the people who crossed the south.

After the southern crossing, Zhao Mingcheng served as the prefect of Jiangning, and after Linghuai, there was a mutiny in Jiangning, Zhao Mingcheng rebelled and abandoned the city and fled, Li Qingzhao followed, and happened to pass by the ancient Wujiang River, so he felt and wrote down this quatrain. The finishing touch of this quatrain lies in the last sentence, refusing to cross Jiangdong!

In other words, the reason why Li Qingzhao thinks that he is born as a hero and dies as a ghost is that he refuses to cross Jiangdong. She compares the reality and reminisces about the ancients, and the reality in front of her is that her husband abandoned the city and fled for his life, and the court ran all the way south, regardless of whether the people lived or died, and the country was ruined. Faced with the shattering of mountains and rivers and the displacement of people, those in power only blindly fled for their lives, not thinking of turning the tide of the war.

As for Xiang Yu, after leading the 8,000 Jiangdong disciples to break the Qin, there are now only a dozen people by his side, almost becoming a lonely person, facing the homeland across the river, feeling ashamed and guilty, and finally killing himself. In stark contrast to the monarchs of the Southern Song Dynasty, the defenders either abandoned the city or surrendered, or swept the soft all the way south, and what they usually said about their home and country is nonsense.

As the saying goes, shame is almost brave, and it is precisely because of shame that Xiang Yu kills himself, even if he doesn't think he has any fault. But the monarchs in power in the Southern Song Dynasty didn't know what shame was, except to flee for their lives. Li Qingzhao praised Xiang Yu here for his shame, so he is a hero.

The reason why Xiang Yu is ashamed, and not otherwise, is that there is an idiom allusion:

Hanshu Xiang Ji Biography": "So Han Sheng said that Yu said: "Guanzhong blocks mountains and rivers, and the land of the four stops is fertile, but it is all Bo."

Yu saw that the Qin palace room had been burned down, and he returned to the east with nostalgia, saying: "Wealth does not return to his hometown, such as clothes and brocade at night." Han Sheng said:

People say that the Chu people are crowned by monkeys, sure enough. "Yu Wenzhi. Kill Han Sheng.

Original text: Life should be a hero, and death should also be a ghost. So far, I think of Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong.

Li Qingzhao, as a poet who transitioned from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty, witnessed the experience of Song Gaozong fleeing south in embarrassment, so he highly evaluated Xiang Yu from a woman's point of view. The first two sentences of the poem are to say that people should live with pride, be open-minded, and be a hero, as a person, the temperament and character that a person should have, and not based on success or failure. Those who would rather die than give in are still glorious in defeat, but they are also heroes.

Later, Lu Li pointed out that Xiang Yu was defeated by Wujiang and refused to cross the Wujiang River, which shows that Xiang Yu is a man who stands up to the sky, born to pull out the mountains and conquer the world, born heroic, born heroic, died tragic, and is a hero in his mind.

used this to allude to the rulers of the Southern Song Dynasty at that time, and ridiculed them for stealing their lives. The poem is both subtle and spicy; And it is inspiring and exciting.

Life is a hero, death is also a ghost! So far, I think of Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. This "Wujiang" is one of the representatives, and it is also the most well-known poem of Li Qingzhao, and it is also a poem that I was asked to memorize by my middle school teacher before I read the poems systematically.

However, when I was a child, I memorized poems, but I only felt that the poetry was shallow but heroic, and I really didn't think about the meaning behind the poems.

Speaking of which, the dispute between Chu and Han is also a good material for many epic poems, but the poets' attitudes towards whether Xiang Yu crossed the river or not have their own opinions. For example, Du Mu has the attitude that he should cross the river and should not kill himself: "The victorious and defeated soldiers should not be bullied, and it is a man who is ashamed and ashamed." The children of Jiangdong are talented and make a comeback.

The repetition is unknown. Wang Anshi believed that Xiang Yu was doomed to failure, and even if he crossed the river, it was irretrievable: "The fatigue of a hundred battles is mourning, and it is difficult to return to the Central Plains once defeated."

Although the children of Jiangdong are here now, are they willing to make a comeback with the king? Although Li Qingzhao's work is also a praise of Xiang Yu, it is not about history, and has his own intentions.

Wujiang" poem was written after the southern crossing, after the shame of Shi Jingkang, Huiqin was taken captive, although Bianjing fell into Jin, but there are still large areas of land north of the Yangtze River in the hands of the Song Dynasty, not to mention that there are also many non-governmental anti-Jin organizations in the fallen land, so Li Gang, Zong Ze, Yue Fei and other "Zhuang Zhuang hungry for Hulu meat, laughing and thirsty for Xiongnu blood" volunteer is a realistic basis and possibility. However, Gaozong repeatedly moved south, a corner of peace, and even "the warm wind smoked tourists drunk, and Hangzhou was regarded as Bianzhou". This reality of repeatedly crossing the river and not wanting to forge ahead is in stark contrast to the history of Xiang Yu and Wujiang's self-slaughter, and it also precisely inspired Li Qingzhao's thought-provoking emotion.

In addition to Wujiang", there is also a five-character poem "Yongshi" that is the same: "The two Han Dynasty are the successors of Shao, and the new room is like a wart." Therefore, Ji Zhongzhong scattered, and died Bo Yin Zhou.

With the succession of the two Han Dynasty as a metaphor for the succession of the two Song Dynasty, with the usurpation of the Han Dynasty by Wang Mang's new dynasty and the establishment of Zhang Bangchang's Chu and Liu Yu's Qi, and with Ji Kang's death against the usurpation of the Sima clan, he clearly expressed his attitude and pursuit.

Li Qingzhao wrote such a poem.

Summer Quatrain:

Life is a hero, death is also a ghost! So far, I think of Xiang Yu and refuse to cross Jiangdong. ”

The background of the poem is that in August of the first year of Jingkang (1126) of Song Qinzong, the Jin soldiers attacked Kaifeng again. In leap November, Kaifeng fell. In February of the following year, the Jin people deposed Song Huizong and Song Qinzong, and the Northern Song Dynasty perished.

In December of the first year of Jianyan in the Southern Song Dynasty (1127), Qingzhou mutinied. Li Qingzhao and her husband's decades-long collection of gold and stone antiques, calligraphy and paintings were burned, and only a few remained. Li Qingzhao, who was burdened with the hatred of losing the country and the pain of losing his treasure, expressed strong indignation at the invasion of the Jin people and the Southern Song Dynasty ** who blindly sought peace and crossed east to protect himself.

So this weak woman took advantage of Xiang Yu's defeat and refusal to return to Jiangdong to satirize the Southern Song Dynasty.