The characteristics of the musical instruments of the fishing drum and what are the drum instruments

Drum instruments include waist drums, wolf tents, fishing drums, etc.

Waist drum: According to legend, it evolved from the drum and became popular in the fourth century AD. Since the Ming Dynasty, waist drums have been used in "Fengyang Flower Drum", "Flower Drum Lamp" and Huaibei "Flower Drum Opera", and gradually evolved into a modern form.

The waist drum is shaped like a cylinder, the two ends are slightly thin, the middle is slightly thicker, the two ends are skinned, the drum body has two iron rings, hung on the waist with a belt, each hand holds a mallet to beat, the waist drum has no fixed pitch, the sound is clear, it can be used as a dance instrument, it can also be used as a dance prop, it can be used as a cheerful and lively scene, it is the main instrument of the waist drum team.

Wolf Tent: Also known as "Two Cane Drums". It is endemic in the Fuzhou area.

The wolf cane originated from the ancient thin-waisted drum instrument, and its shape is similar to that of the Korean patriarch's drum. The drum body is wooden, about 70 centimeters in length, the middle is small, the two ends are thick and hollow, the two sides are covered with cowhide or python skin, the diameter of the drum surface is about 30 centimeters, the drum skin is mounted on the metal ring, and it is tightened by ropes. The pronunciation is made by striking with a wooden clay or clapping with the hand, which is one of the main musical instruments of the "Fuzhou Shiban" and is also used for the accompaniment of Fujian opera.

Fishing drum: The fishing drum is also known as "bamboo qin" or "road tube", and there was already this kind of musical instrument in the Southern Song Dynasty. The fishing drum used in modern times is made of pigskin or sheepskin on a bamboo tube with a length of 65 100 cm and a diameter of about 13 cm.

Summary. According to the relevant historical records, the Taoist origin originated from the Tang Dynasty's "Nine Truths", "Chengtian" and other Taoist songs, with Taoist stories as the theme, the Tang Dynasty Feng Laozi as the ancestor of Taoism, Taoism, Taoism Dasheng, on this basis, a kind of folk-oriented, Taoist unique way of singing - Taoism came into being. However, the real emergence of Taoism was not in the Tang Dynasty, as early as the Former Shu period (907-975) in the Five Dynasties or the early Song dynasty (420-479) in the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

Improvisational by the Taoist priests at that time, according to the Taoist song card lyrics and singing, the Southern Song Dynasty began to use the fishing drum and the simple board as the accompanying instrument, so it is also called "fishing drum".

Dear, hello it is a pleasure to serve you, the fishing drum is a kind of quyi art.

Poyang fishing drum belongs to a branch of Jiangxi Taoism, in the long process of development, after the transformation of the artists of the past dynasties, formed two branches, one is popular in the Pobei mountainous area of the "three ringing school", the musical instrument macro fiber boy in addition to the fishing drum tube, the simple board adds another side of the water cymbal, when the percussion makes a "clinking" three rings and gets the name; The first is the "Erxia Ringing School", which is named after the two sounds of "rattle" when the fishing drum and the simple board are played. The influence of the Erxia Xiangpai is greater, it not only flows in the Poyang Plain area, but also spreads in Leping and other places such as the Qing Dynasty, and the distribution area is relatively broad. In May 2008, Poyang Yugu was included in the second batch of provincial non-hidden tangible cultural heritage list in Jiangxi Province.

Fishing drums, Poyang people are accustomed to call Taoism, the origin of Taoism has a certain relationship with Taoist culture, according to the relevant historical records of Chong Pai fingers, Taoism originated from the Tang Dynasty's "Nine Truths", "Chengtian" and other Taoist songs, with Taoist stories as the theme, the Tang Dynasty Feng Laozi as the ancestor of the history, advocating Taoism, Taoism Dasheng, on the basis of this, a kind of folk-oriented, Taoist unique way of singing - Taoism came into being. However, the real emergence of Taoism was not in the Tang Dynasty, as early as the Former Shu period (907-975) in the Five Dynasties or the early Song dynasty (420-479) in the Northern and Southern Dynasties. Improvisational by the Taoist priests at that time, according to the Taoist song card lyrics and singing scattered, the Southern Song Dynasty began to use fishing drums and simple boards as accompaniment instruments, so it is also called "fishing drums".

Summary. Pro, the fishing drum is a kind of quyi, which is to use speaking and singing as a means to write scenes, pour out feelings, express storylines, and shape character images, and speaking and singing are organically combined. The "speaking" combined with rap is refined and has a certain quality, which is a rhythmic recitation, or a chanting with a certain rhyme.

The "singing" of the combination of rap is based on the close combination of the tone of the word, the emotional tone and the tune, which requires the words to be round, the voice and emotion, and the charm as an artistic pursuit, and pay attention to the sound modeling. Sometimes it is half speaking and half singing, and in a lyric, the first half of the sentence is spoken, the second half of the sentence is sung, or the two can be reversed. the other is to sing in the middle of the conversation, in the process of singing the insertion of sentences, become a combination of singing, speaking and singing; There is also a kind of singing and speaking, which is based on the living language, and the tone is polished, so it can best express the characteristics of local pronunciation.

Pro, the fishing drum is a kind of folk art, which is to use speaking and singing as a means to write scenes, pour out feelings, express storylines, and shape the image of Wu Chaowang, and speaking and singing are organically combined. The combination of rap and rap "Saying Li Lu" is refined and has a certain quality, which is a rhythmic recitation, or a chant with a certain rhyme. The "singing" of the combination of rap is based on the close combination of the tone of the word, the emotional tone and the tune, which requires the words to be round, the voice and emotion, and the charm as an artistic pursuit, and pay attention to the sound modeling.

Sometimes it is half speaking and half singing, and in a lyric, the first half of the sentence is spoken, the second half of the sentence is sung, or the two can be reversed. the other is to sing in the middle of the conversation, in the process of singing the insertion of sentences, become a combination of singing, speaking and singing; There is also a kind of singing and speaking, which is based on the language of life, and the tone is polished, so that the most eloquent boy can express the characteristics of local pronunciation.

What are the main forms of artistic expression of quyi?

As a performing art, quyi is to use "oral rap" to narrate stories, shape characters, express thoughts and feelings, and reflect social life, just as the essential feature of the art of opera is "singing and dancing to perform stories", and the essential feature of quyi art should be "to sing stories in oral language". This is the essential attribute that distinguishes quyi from other art categories. Because the main artistic means is "oral rap", the art form of quyi is relatively simple:

Spoken by one or more people; Or sung by one or several people, supplemented by a small band (which often is.

3. 5 instruments). And because it is rap in oral language, its performance method is mainly narrated in the third person, and the folk use first-person simulated endorsement. In this way, the stage performance reflects the characteristics of "one person has multiple roles", "jumping out and jumping in", and "one person, one big play".

As a result, it is very different from the "role-playing performance" of performing arts such as opera, drama, film and television, that is, the difference between the so-called "appearing in the statement" and "appearing in the statement".

A type of percussion instrument. Wang Qi of the Ming Dynasty (Sancai Tuhui) said that it "cut the bamboo, three or four feet long, and risked its head with a skin Wang repentance letter, and hit it with two fingers." "The popular fishing drum is made of bamboo, about 92 centimeters long, 6 centimeters in diameter, and one end is covered with an oil film (digging clothes before pig intestines).

The way to play is to hold the drum with your left hand and tap the drum surface below with your right hand. It is the main accompaniment instrument of the Taoist rap ** trapped wheel.

The fishing drum has a long history, which can be traced back to the "Taoist feelings" of the Tang Dynasty, that is, the Taoist affairs and Taoist feelings narrated by Taoist priests when they preached or recruited. Their way of narrating is to play fishing drums and sing Taoist songs, so "playing fishing drums and singing Taoist songs" is said in a connection, such as "Jiuzhen", "Chengtian" ("Tang Hui Yao" volume 33) and "Treading Song" (Duan Chang's "Continuation of the Legend of Immortals" on Lan Cai and rappers with clapsticks). Later, "Taoism" was used by folk artists, and the religious content gradually faded, and folk tales, myths and legends and heroic stories were sung, and the way of "Taoism and singing" also evolved into an art form of rapping.

In the Yuan Dynasty, the fishing drum has been widely sung, "the children of the people, do not make a living, go to the city and town, sing words, teach and practice acrobatics......Beat the fishing drum and confuse people to gather the crowd" ("Yuan History" volume 15). During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the fishing drum has formed a complete singing cavity of "having a board and an eye". The famous patriotic thinker Wang Chuanshan (a native of Hengyang) composed 27 poems of "Foolish Ancient Words" (Foolish Ancient Words).

The author remembers the sentence "The wind and the waning moon, a board and a mallet, also make yourself at ease" ("Chuanshan Testament" Volume 64). Since then, the Yugu Taoism has completely transitioned from a tool to propagate the idea of Taoist birth to an entertaining and knowledgeable folk rap art.

Hubei fishing drum is a form of rap and rap. The singing tunes are mainly derived from the folk songs such as "Damai Song" and "Grass Song" in the Weiyang area, and have been processed and improved by several generations of artists to form a unique tune. Combined with the local dialect rhyme, it has the characteristics of bright rhythm and high-pitched tune.

The singing structure belongs to the music card couplet. The organization of the song is different from the structure of other brand songs, and there is no fixed format, nor does it have a fixed head and tail.

Hubei Yugu has five major singing cavities, namely: flat cavity, sad cavity, fishtail cavity (also known as phoenix tail cavity), pipa cavity, and miscellaneous flower cavity. Later, after the development and creation of the famous fishing drum artist Gong Benhuai, there are more than 20 kinds of music cards such as the new flat cavity, the female flat cavity, the number board, and the joint board.

Except for the miscellaneous cavity system, which is composed of different types of folk songs and minor keys, the other four singing cavities are mostly composed of upper and lower sentence structures, which have the characteristics of plate cavities, and are often composed of lining words at the end of even sentences (also known as buttons). If you don't use the slinger to sing continuously, it is a rolling board or a joint board. The throwing part of the cavity is sung in the form of a counterpart or a crowd of people.

Hubei fishing drums are mainly sung, and there are scattered white and rhyme white. The part of the speech is divided into scattered white and rhyme white. Narrate the plot of the story in a loose way, or imitate the tone of the characters' voices; There are two kinds of rhyme, narration and endorsement, which pay attention to the tone and frustration, accompanied by cloud board hitting. There are seven words and sentences in the singing, and the words and sentences are divided.

There are three kinds of five-seven sentences composed of five, five, seven, and five, and four sentences are one, and the rhyme can be changed. Sometimes there are clips.

Three, four-word stacked sentences. The beautiful singing, the unique confession, and the different sentence patterns, the local characteristics of the fishing drum in Chuyang are extremely distinct.

There are three forms of Hubei fishing drum performances: stand-up singing, lip-synching singing and singing fishing drum shadow puppetry. When performing in stand-up performance, the left arm obliquely holds the fishing drum, the hand holds the cloud board (simple board), and the right hand slaps the bottom of the tube and the cloud board intertwined. During the counterpart-to-side performance, one person beats the fishing drum and cloud board, and the other person taps the disc with bamboo chopsticks.

Singing shadow puppetry has become a troupe. The singer on the right side of the shadow curtain is called "Shangzi", and the singer on the left is called "Xiazi", with the upper and lower signs as the main singer, and the martial arts master in the background beats the fishing drums, percussion, and helps. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, the erhu, jinghu, dulcimer and other musical instruments were used to accompany singing.

In the process of long-term singing practice, three distinctive genres have been formed: the Weiyang School, the Tianmen School, and the Qianjiang School. The singing voice of the Canyang school is known for its smoothness, simplicity, gentleness and generosity, and is called the flat-cavity fishing drum; The Tianmen school is known for its pungent, funny, enthusiastic, and high-pitched talents, and is known as the high-pitched fishing drum; The Qianjiang faction is beautiful, affectionate and fluent and euphemistic.