What are the latest developments in biotechnology 10

Approved in 2010 and launched in 2011, the first National Key Basic Research and Development Program (973 Program) project in the direction of microalgae energy in China, "Scientific Basis for the Large-scale Preparation of Microalgae Energy", was officially launched on February 19 in Jiaxing Science and Technology City, Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province. The project is jointly organized and implemented by East China University of Science and Technology, Ocean University of China, Institute of Hydrobiology of Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Jiangxi New Daze Industrial Group. The supporting department of the project is the Shanghai Municipal Science and Technology Commission, and the supporting unit is East China University of Science and Technology, and Professor Li Yuanguang of the State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering of East China University of Science and Technology is the chief scientist of the project.

At present, the raw materials used in the production of biodiesel are all planted with oil plants, such as palm trees, jatropha trees, rapeseed, etc. Due to the low yield of oil area of oil plants, vigorously developing biodiesel will inevitably occupy a large amount of cultivated land and affect grain production. Microalgae are the simplest and oldest lower plants, which can directly use simple nutrients such as sunlight, CO2 and N P to grow rapidly and synthesize a large number of oils (mainly triglycerides) in the cell, providing new oil resources for biodiesel production. At the same time, we can make use of China's vast saline-alkali wasteland and other non-arable land to give birth to a new way of biodiesel development.

The World Resources Institute, The Nature Conservancy and other 25 non-national organizations and environmental protection agencies jointly released a report on the 23rd, saying that 75 of the world's coral reefs are currently facing threats such as overfishing, pollution, sea warming, and ocean acidification.

After a brain injury, stem cells in the brain differentiate to form brain cells to repair the damage. However, Japanese researchers have found that many of the brain cells that are thus differentiated often fail halfway and stop developing, making it difficult for brain function to recover. So, in animal experiments, they injected brain-damaged mice with a beneficial protein, and the results resulted in significantly improved recovery of damaged brain cells in mice.

Scientists say that geographic area determines who you are. For example, Ana Dirienzo, a geneticist at the University of Chicago, said today at the annual meeting of the American Association for the Advancement of Science that people who live in areas with strong solar radiation are more likely to have a variant of the sweat gland gene that helps them lower their body temperature more effectively.

And many more, you can look up at Scientific American**.

Venter synthesized the first artificial cell.

Biotechnology development in China.

Human energy synthesis swarm matrix.

Suffice it to cite examples where biology is closely related to us.

Low oh, oh oh, oh oh you give it to you.

1. China has reached the international advanced level in the fields of super hybrid rice breeding technology and application, transgenic plant research, etc.;

2. Animal somatic cell cloning technology has also been improved, and important progress has been made in the development and research of new reactors and new processes for wastewater treatment;

3. A large number of biotechnology achievements have either applied for patents, or entered the clinical stage, or are in the early stage of large-scale production, and a number of biotechnology public R&D platforms have been initially formed;

4. China's genetic testing service capacity has been in a leading position in the world, export drugs have expanded from APIs to preparations with higher technical content, and breakthroughs in the core technology of high-end medical devices have greatly reduced the quality of related products and services;

5. The yield per mu of super rice exceeded 1,000 kg, reaching the international advanced level; The total number of products in the biological fermentation industry ranks first in the world.

1. Genetic engineering.

The use of genetic engineering technology can not only cultivate high-quality, high-yield, and well-resistant crops, livestock and poultry varieties, but also cultivate animals and plants with special purposes. Genetically engineered DNA probes can detect viruses, bacteria and other contamination in the environment very sensitively.

2. Superbugs.

Indicator organisms cultivated by genetic engineering can reflect environmental pollution very sensitively, but they are not easy to die in large quantities due to environmental pollution, and can even absorb and transform pollutants.

Genetically engineered "superbugs" can swallow and decompose a variety of substances that pollute the environment (usually a bacterium can only decompose one hydrocarbon in oil, but "superbugs" successfully cultivated by genetic engineering can decompose a variety of hydrocarbon compounds in oil). Some can also swallow heavy metals such as converted mercury and cadmium, and decompose toxic substances such as DDT. ）

3. Genetically engineered insulin.

Insulin is a special drug for diabetes, which can only be extracted from the pancreas of pigs, cattle and other animals for a long time, and the yield is extremely low and extremely high. The synthesized insulin gene is introduced into E. coli, and 100 g of insulin is produced per 2000 L of culture. Large-scale industrial production not only solves the problem of this more expensive drug output, but also reduces it by 30%-50%.

4. Immobilized enzymes.

The so-called immobilized enzyme refers to the enzyme that plays a catalytic role within a certain spatial range and can be used repeatedly and continuously. Usually enzyme-catalyzed reactions are carried out in aqueous solutions, while immobilized enzymes are water-soluble enzymes that are physically or chemically treated to make them insoluble in water, but still have enzyme activity.

The immobilized enzymes can be made into particles with good mechanical properties and packed into enzyme columns for continuous production. or batch stirring reaction in a reactor; It can also be made into enzyme membranes, enzyme tubes, etc., which are used in analytical chemistry; It can also be made into microencapsulated enzymes, which can be used as ** enzymes in clinical applications.

At present, there are people who use enzyme membranes and sensitive elements such as electricity, light, and heat to form a device called biosensor, which is used for the determination of organic compounds and the transmission of information in the automatic control of fermentation and the detection of harmful substances in environmental protection.

5. Monoclonal antibodies.

Monoclonal antibodies are highly homogeneous produced from single B cell clones.

1. Antibodies that only target a specific epitope. Hybridoma antibody technology is based on cell fusion technology, which fuses sensitized B cells with the ability to secrete specific antibodies and myeloma cells with infinite reproduction ability into B-cell hybridomas.

Populations of single hybridoma cells with this property can be used to produce monoclonal antibodies specific to one epitope.

Monoclonal antibodies have a wide range of prospects in medicine, and are used in a variety of diseases such as tumors, autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, and transplant rejection. Adamu is used to relieve moderate to severe rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with structural damage that has not responded to anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARD)**.

Synthetic crystalline bovine insulin.

Participation in the Human Genome Project.

Hybrid rice.

Recent research has come to the conclusion that something (like a virus or a bacterium) can increase a person's lifespan to 140 years. Really seen on CCTV, really !!