What can ultrasound do and what does it do

There are two kinds of ultrasound in my understanding:

Medical. Industrial.

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Ultrasound is very useful and is used in all walks of life, such as medical, household, and industrial, which is indispensable.

Due to the high energy of ultrasound, it is possible to produce a significant sound pressure effect on the molecules of matter, such as when ultrasonic waves of general intensity pass through water, the additional pressure can reach several atmospheres. The presence of such a large amount of sound pressure in the liquid can cause a noteworthy phenomenon. When ultrasonic vibrations compress the molecules of a liquid, it is as if the molecules are under pressure in all directions; When ultrasonic vibrations thin out the molecules of a liquid, it appears to be subjected to a tensile force that spreads outward.

For liquids, they are more able to withstand the action of additional pressure, so when subjected to compressive forces; It is unlikely that there will be an anomaly. But under the action of tensile force, the liquid will not be able to support, and in the place where the tensile force is concentrated, the liquid will break apart, and this rupture effect is particularly easy to occur in the place where there are impurities or bubbles in the liquid, because the strength of the liquid in these places is particularly low, and it can not withstand the tensile force effect of several times the atmospheric pressure in particular. As a result of the breakage, many small bubble-like cavities are created in the liquid, which exist for a short time and close in an instant.

When the cavity is closed, a large instantaneous pressure is generated, which can generally reach thousands or even tens of thousands of atmospheres. Under this strong instantaneous pressure, the temperature of the liquid rises suddenly. The reciprocal instantaneous pressure caused by the fracture can cause the solid surface suspended in the liquid to be violently damaged.

We often call this the phenomenon of cavitation.